电源侧储能技术发展现状及应用前景综述

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-1951.2021.07.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在碳中和背景下,需要构建以可再生能源为主体的新型电力系统。电源侧储能技术是有效缓解大规模可再生能源并网压力的重要技术手段,不但可以平滑间歇性可再生能源发电输出,亦可提高火电机组调频调峰能力,因而受到广泛重视。为了更好地发展电源侧储能技术,需要对现有储能技术发展状态及典型应用进行论述和梳理。对比分析了美国和中国电源侧储能技术的发展趋势,介绍了主要电源侧储能技术发展现状、典型示范应用、性能比较,并对电源侧储能技术在国内的发展前景进行展望。

关键词: 电源侧储能, 可再生能源, 电化学储能, 火电储能联合调频, 飞轮储能, 压缩空气储能, 蓄热储能, 重力储能, 碳达峰, 碳中和

Abstract:

Under the background of carbon neutrality, it is necessary to build a new power system with renewable energy as the main body.Power-side energy techniques receive attention because they are important means of remitting large-scale renewable energy grid-connected pressure.They could smooth generation output of intermittent renewable energy and improve frequency modulation and peak regulation capacity of thermal power generation units.In order to develop power-side energy storage techniques better,development status quo and typical application of existing energy storage techniques are discussed and sorted.The development trend of American and Chinese power-side energy storage techniques is analyzed.The development status quo,typical pilot applications,and performance comparison of major power-side energy storage techniques are introduced.The further prospects of power-side energy storage techniques in China are made.

Key words: power-side energy storage, renewable energy, electrochemical energy storage, combined frequency regulation of thermal energy storage, flywheel energy storage, compressed air energy storage, heat storage, gravity energy storage, carbon peak, carbon neutralization

中图分类号:

TK02

童家麟, 洪庆, 吕洪坤, 吴瑞康, 应光耀. 电源侧储能技术发展现状及应用前景综述[J]. 华电技术, 2021, 43(7): 17-23.

TONG Jialin, HONG Qing, LYU Hongkun, WU Ruikang, YING Guangyao. Development status and application prospect of power side energy storage technology[J]. Huadian Technology, 2021, 43(7): 17-23.

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电厂名称	储能系统容量	电池类型	投运时间
北京石景山热电厂	2 MW/0.500 MW·h	磷酸铁锂	2014年
山西京玉电厂	9 MW/4.500 MW·h	锰酸锂	2015年
山西阳光电厂	9 MW/4.500 MW·h	三元锂	2017年
山西同达电厂	9 MW/4.478 MW·h	磷酸铁锂	2017年
内蒙古杭锦电厂	9 MW/4.500 MW·h	三元锂	2018年
内蒙古上都电厂	18 MW/8.957 MW·h	磷酸铁锂	2018年
广东海丰电厂	30 MW/15.000 MW·h	磷酸铁锂	2019年
湖南桥口电厂	18 MW/9.000 MW·h	磷酸铁锂	2020年
江西新昌电厂	9 MW/18.000 MW·h	磷酸铁锂	2020年

储能技术种类	单位造价	负荷响应速度	储能效率	污染	应用安全	市场成熟度
电化学储能	√	√	√			√
飞轮储能		√	√	√	√
压缩空气储能	√	√		√
蓄热储能	√			√	√	√
重力储能		√	√	√	√