碳中和背景下农业能源互联网电能替代综述

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2022.06.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

农业能源互联网背景下,在农业生产中进行电能替代可有效减少碳排放,提高环境质量,是实现“碳达峰”与“碳中和”目标的重要路径。基于大量新型农业电力负荷数据,分析了电能替代在农业生产中的潜力。提出通过接纳分布式可再生能源,将农业与能源深度耦合,建立低碳农业系统,通过数字孪生技术实现对农作物生产系统的智慧管控,在农业园区中构建虚拟电厂,削弱新能源输送带来的负面影响,提高能源利用率以及园区效益,从而实现农业能源互联网清洁、低碳、高效发展。

关键词: 碳中和, 农业能源互联网, 可再生能源, 电能替代, 农业, 渔业, 畜牧业, 低碳农业, 数字孪生, 虚拟电厂

Abstract:

With the development of agricultural energy internet,replacing fuel with electricity for agriculture production has been taken as an important technical rout to realize carbon peaking and carbon neutrality since it is able to realize carbon emission reduction and improve environmental quality. Based on the enormous load data of modern agricultural industry, the potential of electric energy substitution in agriculture production is analyzed. Then, a low-carbon agricultural system which integrates distributed renewable energy with agriculture production is proposed. The system can control the growth of crops intelligently by digital twin technology, and virtual power plants for agricultural parks can alleviate the impact brought by new energy fluctuation. The agricultural park with the system is of a higher energy utilization efficiency and favorable economic benefits, which is a clean, low carbon and efficient development rout for agricultural energy internet.

Key words: carbon neutrality, agricultural energy internet, renewable energy, electric energy substitution, farming, fishery, animal husbandry, low carbon agriculture, digital twin, virtual power plant

中图分类号:

TK019

白嘉浩, 付学谦. 碳中和背景下农业能源互联网电能替代综述[J]. 综合智慧能源, 2022, 44(6): 1-11.

BAI Jiahao, FU Xueqian. Review on electric energy substitution of agricultural energy internet in the context of carbon neutrality[J]. Integrated Intelligent Energy, 2022, 44(6): 1-11.

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负荷类型	用途	时移特性	负荷特性	能耗/（kW·h）	参考文献
LED照明灯	增产、补光	06:00—09:00,17:00—20:00持续	可中断、可时移	5.000	[18]
沼气池热泵	沼气、生产	08:00—20:00可间歇	可时移、可中断	3.000	[18]
负压风机	通风换气	06:00—20:00可间歇	可中断、可时移	0.180	[19]
循环风机	通风换气	06:00—20:00可间歇	可中断、可时移	0.250	[19]
潜水泵	增加湿度	09:00—18:00可间歇	可中断、可时移	0.750	[19]
微波硫灯	蔬菜补光	一天10 h	可中断、可时移	0.050	[20]
太阳能集热单元水泵	供热	可间歇	可中断、不可时移	1.200	[21]
等离子体农业固氮设备	补充氮肥	可间歇	可时移、可中断	0.110±0.012	[22]
基于变频调速的水泵电动机	灌溉驱动力	08:00—18:00可间歇	可时移、不可中断	5.500	[23]
高压脉冲营养液杀菌器	杀菌消毒	可间歇	可时移、可中断	0.027	[24]
电动负压式玉米播种机	播种	可间歇	可时移、可中断	25.700	[25]
电液混合调控式大蒜播种机	播种	可间歇	可时移、可中断	1.500	[26]
电击式太阳能杀虫灯	杀虫	可间歇	可中断、可时移	0.035	[27]
太阳能平移式喷灌机	灌溉	运行8 h	可中断、可时移	1.258	[28]

养殖种类	负荷	负荷特性	能耗/（kW·h）	参考文献
雏鸡舍	刮粪机	可时移、可中断	10.000	[43]
雏鸡舍	风机	可时移、可中断	18.000	[43]
雏鸡舍	料车	可时移、可中断	5.000	[43]
猪舍	照明灯（节能灯）	可时移、可中断	0.012	[44]
猪舍	水泵	可时移、可中断	7.500	[44]
奶牛厂	传送带式饲喂系统	可时移、不可中断	10.000	[45]
奶牛厂	工作参数可调控的挤奶装置	可时移、可中断	10.800	[46]
牛舍	喷雾与纵向负压通风相结合的卷帘设施	可时移、可中断	1.100	[47]
养殖场	机械清粪系统	可时移、可中断	0.330	[48]
牛舍	太阳能恒温饮水系统	可时移、可中断	9.000	[49]
仔猪舍	基于自控系统的红外线加热灯	可时移、可中断	0.175	[50]
畜舍	新型节能禽舍太阳能光伏光热联产/热泵系统	可时移、可中断	50.450	[51]

负荷类型	用途	负荷特性	能耗/（kW·h）	参考文献
正压风送式投饵机	输送饲料	可时移、不可中断	2.20	[69]
“1+N”型精准投饵装置	输送饲料	可时移、不可中断	0.75	[70]
微孔增氧装置	增氧	可时移、不可中断	0.15	[71]
高原渔业养殖集装箱	集约养殖	可时移、不可中断	4.00	[72]
太阳能增氧机	增氧	可时移、不可中断	0.05	[73]
自动化水草清理作业船	清理水草	可时移、可中断	0.50	[74]
全自动养殖作业船	多功能作业	可时移、可中断	0.60	[75]
光伏太阳能水泵	供水	可时移、不可中断	7.70	[76]

温室设备	功率/kW	数量/台	时长/h	能耗/（kW·h）
LED照明设备	0.060	72	12	72×0.06×12=51.840
微波硫补光灯	0.050	64	10	64×10×0.05=32.000
电动播种机械	25.700	1	2	25.7×2=51.400
太阳能杀虫灯	0.040	1	24	0.035×24=0.840
固氮设备	0.120	1	24	0.122×24=2.928
平移式喷灌机	1.260	1	8	1.258×8=10.064
薄膜清洗设备	0.550	1	2	0.55×2=1.100
电动除草机械	1.100	1	8	1.1×8=8.800
施肥机	3.000	1	8	3×8=24.000
移动风机	0.650	4	24	0.65×24×4=62.400