Application status and development of energy storage technology in the context of flexibility transformation of thermal power plants

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2023.03.009

Abstract

Abstract:

The development of renewable energy is impacting the traditional energy mix with thermal power as its main body， but the fluctuation and randomness of renewable energy damage the stable operation of power grid. Therefore， energy storage technology and thermal power plant flexibility transformation have become the important means to maintain the stable operation of power grid and smooth the load curve. Four popular energy storage technologies are compared and evaluated， and a new thermal power plant flexibility transformation technology based on ammonia storage is proposed. This technology will be energy storage and thermal power plant flexibility transformation， is expected to become a new way for the future development of power enterprises.

Key words: thermal power enterprise, new energy, energy storage technology, flexibility transformation, dual carbon, peak shaving and valley filling

CLC Number:

TK02：TK019

LI Qi, WANG Fangfang, YANG Pengwei, ZHAO Guangjin, LIU Xiaona, MA Shuangchen. Application status and development of energy storage technology in the context of flexibility transformation of thermal power plants[J]. Integrated Intelligent Energy, 2023, 45(3): 66-73.

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项目	储能容量	电池类型	投运时间
北京石景山电厂	2 MW/0.5 MW·h	磷酸铁锂	2014年
山西阳光电厂	9 MW/ 4.5 MW·h	三元锂	2017年
内蒙古上都电厂	18 MW/ 9.0 MW·h	磷酸铁锂	2018年
广东海丰电厂	30 MW/15.0 MW·h	磷酸铁锂	2019年
湖南桥口电厂	18 MW/9.0 MW·h	磷酸铁锂	2020年
华电滕州公司	101 MW/202.0 MW·h	磷酸铁锂、液流电池	2021年

储能技术	能量密度/（W·h·kg^-1）	额定功率/MW	能量转化效率/%	响应时间(级别)	储能周期(级别)
抽水蓄能	0.5~15.0	100.0~5 000.0	71~80	小时	数小时至数月
压缩空气储能	30.0~60.0	5.0~300.0	45~60	小时	数小时至数月
飞轮储能	10.0~30.0	0~1.5	86~94	毫秒至分钟	数秒至数分钟
电化学储能	2.0~15.0	0~8.0	70~90	秒至小时	数分钟至数天
蓄热储能	80.0~200.0	0~60.0	—	小时	数分钟至数月
氢/氨储能	350.0/45.0	0~6.0	<50	小时	数小时至数月

储能技术	使用寿命/a	经济成本/（元·kW^-1）	安全与环境问题
抽水蓄能	30~60	5 000~6 000	受地形和气候影响较大，主要问题是在水资源较少的西部地区补给水不好解决和平原地区难以实现
压缩空气储能	20~40	9 000	受到地形的影响，需要地下的储气空间；若使用罐装又会增加成本，空气成分复杂，在绝热压缩过程中存在安全隐患
飞轮储能	≤15	2 000~3 000	稳定性高，对环境无污染
电化学储能	5~15	2 000~4 000	电池的化学成分对环境污染严重，环境与安全问题是首先要解决的关键
蓄热储能	5~15	400~800	熔融盐等在替换后需要集中处理；放热过程不会对环境造成污染，稳定性较高，安全性可以保障
氢/氨储能	催化剂易中毒，设备寿命不高	20 000	无污染，安全性仍较难保证

项目	氨气	氢气
密度/（g·cm^-3）	0.60	0.071
沸点/℃	-33	-253
储存方式	加压罐	金属氢化物
能量密度/(GJ·m^-3）	13.6	3.6
单位能量成本/（美元·GJ^-1）	13.3	35.2
最大火焰速度/（m·s^-1）	0.07	2.90
最小点火能/mJ	8.00	0.02
辛烷值(RON)	>111	≥120