Development status and analysis of compressed air energy storage

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2026.05.003

Abstract

Abstract:

During the critical historical period of global carbon emission reduction， sustainable development， and energy transition， compressed air energy storage （CAES）， as a key supporting technology for the development of new-type power systems， is experiencing a phase of rapid expansion. Countries worldwide have introduced favorable policies and incentive measures to promote CAES development. This technology offers advantages such as flexible energy storage cycles， high efficiency， fast response， and safety and environmental friendliness. It can not only ensure grid power supply stability by peak shaving and valley filling， but also meet the emergency energy demands in special periods and scenarios in the new era. Given the current situation that traditional energy cannot be completely replaced， a distributed energy system solution termed as "CAES+1" is proposed， which integrates CAES with traditional energy. Representative site selection areas are identified based on criteria including demand matching， adaptability to geographical conditions， feasibility of energy combination， and economic benefits. Furthermore， the unique strengths of CAES+1 deployment in China are analyzed， such as robust policy support， advanced technical equipment， complete upstream and downstream industrial chains， strong computational power support capabilities， and high adaptability to geographical conditions. Therefore， China is poised to assume a pioneering role in the global advancement of CAES.

Key words: compressed air energy storage, distributed energy, energy transition, carbon emission reduction, sustainable development

CLC Number:

TK01：X701

WANG Hai, LIU Siyu, ZHANG Xinyue, LIU Siqi, TANG Kerong, LIANG Xuhe, BU Hebateer. Development status and analysis of compressed air energy storage[J]. Integrated Intelligent Energy, 2026, 48(5): 19-30.

Figures/Tables 9

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储能类型	排碳量	冷态启动到并网时间	关键限制因素	典型应用场景	案例
AA-CAES^[25]	运行时零排放	5 min	储气库预热、热循环优化	电网调峰、海上风电配套	金坛盐穴压缩空气储能国家试验示范项目^[33]
CAES	排碳量较高^[26]	数小时	储气库预热、热循环优化	电网调峰、海上风电配套	金坛盐穴压缩空气储能国家试验示范项目^[33]
锂离子电池（电化学）	运行时零排放，生产环节排碳量较高^[27]	100 ms级	低温性能、循环寿命	调频调峰、备用电源	乌兰察布90 MW/360 MW·h电化学加 10 MW/40 MW·h氢储能系统^[34]
液流电池（电化学）	运行时零排放，生产环节排碳量低^[28]	100 ms级	电解液循环速度、温度控制	长时储能、可再生能源	攀枝花100 MW/500 MW·h全钒液流储能电站^[35]
抽水蓄能^[29]	运行时零排放	min级	地理依赖、水流稳定性	电网削峰填谷	浙江天台抽水蓄能电站^[36]
飞轮储能^[30]	运行时零排放^[30]	ms级	能量密度低、自放电率高	短时调频、UPS电源	大同鼎轮能源30 MW飞轮储能项目^[37]
氢储能	通过电解水制取运行时零排放，依赖化石燃料制取时碳排放显著^[31]	s级	制氢效率低、设备复杂度高	跨季节储能、化工耦合^[32]	乌兰察布90 MW/360 MW·h电化学加10 MW/40 MW·h氢储能系统^[34]

储能技术	初始投资成本/ (美元·kW^-1)	核心成本构成	度电成本/ 美元·（kW·h）^-1
CAES	500~900	地下储气库、压缩机、涡轮机、热回收系统	0.10~0.18
抽水蓄能	1 200~2 000	水库建设、水轮机、输水管道	0.08~0.15
锂离子电池	250~400	电芯、电池管理系统、温控系统、储能变流器	0.12~0.22
液流电池	300~500	电解液、电堆、循环泵	0.15~0.25
氢储能	800~1 500	储氢材料、绝热容器	0.30~0.60

储能技术	运营成本	核心成本驱动因素
CAES	15~20	地下储气库维护、压缩机/涡轮机检修、热管理
抽水蓄能	10~20	水库/水道维护、水轮机磨损、环境监测
锂离子电池	25~40	电芯退化更换、电池管理系统升级、热管理系统耗能
液流电池	20~35	电解液补充、电堆维护、循环泵能耗
飞轮储能	5~20	轴承更换、真空系统维护、高转速机械损耗
氢储能	35~55	电解槽催化剂更换、储氢罐检测、运输能耗