Optimal scheduling of the data center integrated energy system considering load response characteristics

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2023.10.004

Abstract

Abstract:

In the collaboration of "computing power + electric power" under the goal of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality，the data center，whose power consumption is substantive and growing rapidly，has great potential in carbon emission reduction and load regulation. To give full play to the flexibility of data center loads，an optimal scheduling strategy of the data center integrated energy system considering the load response characteristics is proposed. Firstly，an optimized scheduling framework for the data center integrated energy system is established. The load response characteristics and equipment energy consumption of the data center are modelled，to study the cold，heat and electric loads of the data center. Then，the objective function and constraint conditions are determined，and the optimization model is established to minimize the operation cost of the data center energy system. Finally，the simulation analysis is made on a data center. Comparing the performances of the data center energy system under different scenarios， the optimal strategy with the optimal allocation of workloads is figured out which can effectively reduce the system cost and energy consumption.

Key words: carbon neutral, data center, load response, optimized scheduling, integrated energy, energy saving and carbon reduction

CLC Number:

TK01

YU Wenchang, CHEN Yonggang, CAO Junbo, ZUO Luyuan, ZHANG Xiangyin, YANG Xiu. Optimal scheduling of the data center integrated energy system considering load response characteristics[J]. Integrated Intelligent Energy, 2023, 45(10): 25-34.

Figures/Tables 14

Fig.1

Table 1

Characteristics of server cluster

数量	CPU型号	f/Hz	服务率	$P a d d$	$K$	最大延迟时间/h	运维/投资成本/（元·台^-1）
1 500	AMD速龙	2	13.5	53	6	10	150/15 000

Table 1

Table 2

Fig.2

Fig.3

Fig.4

Table 3

CARS related parameters

名称	参数	值
送风机	$a 1 / b 1 / c 1 / d 1 / e 1 / α f a n / ρ a i r / q m, a_N$	0.35/0.31/-0.54/0.87/0.00/0.70/1.29 kg/m³/52.55 kg/s
冷冻水泵	$a 2 / b 2 / c 2 / d 2 / q m, e_N / P e_N / c p$	0/1/0/0/31.00 kg/s/7.93 kW/4.19 kJ/(kg⋅℃)
制冷机	$a 3 / b 3 / c 3 / d 3 / e 3 / f 3 / a 4 / b 4 / c 4 / d 4 / e 4 / f 4 / a 5 / b 5 / c 5 / Q N / η C O P, N$	0.44/-0.081/-0.002/0.092/-0.0031/0.007/0.05/-0.016/-0.000 3/0.024/-0.000 3/-0.000 6/0.188/0.356/0.454/720 kW/6.04
冷却水泵	$P c_N$	9.17 kW
冷却塔	$P c t_N$	8.82 kW
机房室内送风温度	$t o u t, m i n / t o u t, m a x$	23 ℃/23 ℃

Table 3

Fig.5

Fig.6

Fig.7

Fig.8

Fig.9

Fig.10

Table 4

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设备名称	参数	值	投资/运维成本/[元·（MW·h）^-1]
燃气轮机	功率上/下限、产电效率、天然气低位热值	1 500 MW/0 MW，0.184，8 000 kJ/m³	3 000/53
风机	出力上/下限	2 000 MW/0 MW	5 000/29
光伏	出力上/下限	2 200 MW/0 MW	4 000/25
电制冷机	出力上/下限、制冷系数	600 MW/0 MW，3.00	1 000/11
吸收式制冷机	出力上/下限、制冷系数	600 MW/0 MW，1.38	1 100/13
电储能	额定功率、出力上/下限、SOC初始值/上/下限	1 200 MW，500 MW/0.4 MW，0.2/0.2/0.9	960/30
热储能	额定功率、出力上/下限、SOC初始值/上/下限	1 200 MW，500 MW/0.4 MW，0.2/0.2/0.9	880/24
蓄冷槽	额定功率、出力上/下限、SOC初始值/上/下限	1 200 MW，500 MW/0.4 MW，0.2/0.2/0.9	860/26
主电网交互	功率上/下限	4 500 MW/0 MW	—

场景	购能成本	运维成本	投资成本	运行总成本
1	3 202.056 7	94.527 4	330.833 7	3 627.417 8
2	1 350.691 3	94.525 8	330.833 7	1 644.851 2
3	2 949.076 9	94.741 8	332.201 7	3 376.020 4
4	885.444 1	94.521 4	331.517 7	1 390.269 3