关键词: 热泵, 供暖系统, CO2, 经济性分析, 循环优化

Abstract: This study investigates the performance of a transcritical CO₂ heat pump heating system through simulation and analysis conducted in Dymola software. A comparative analysis is conducted to evaluate the heating performance of single-stage compression, two-stage compression, and two-stage compression integrated with front mechanical subcooling (FMC) under varying operating conditions. Furthermore, environmental and economic assessments are performed based on actual annual heating demand to comprehensively evaluate the applicability and sustainability of the different system configurations. The results indicate that the coefficient of performance (COP) of the two-stage cycle is 26% higher than that of the single-stage cycle. The integration of front mechanical subcooling effectively reduces the optimal high-side pressure of the two-stage system. At an evaporation temperature of −30 °C, the COP of the FMC-enhanced cycle increases by up to 12.7% compared to the standard cycle, and by 5.08% under optimal high-side pressure conditions. Economic analysis reveals that although the OTHS+FMC system requires higher initial capital investment, its superior energy efficiency and emission reduction potential over long-term operation make it more favorable in terms of both environmental and economic performance.

Key words: Heat Pump, Heating System, CO₂, Economic Analysis, Cycle Optimization