燃煤电厂万吨级碳捕集工程设计与运行优化研究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-1951.2021.06.009

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为验证碳捕集、利用与封存（CCUS）技术在燃煤机组中的实际应用效果,在某电厂设计和建设了1套万吨级有机胺法碳捕集示范工程。通过技术比选,选定了有机胺吸收和压缩精制技术路线,并对工艺系统和主要设备选型进行了讨论。示范装置投运后,通过长时间运行试验,获得了吸收剂流量、烟气量、再生温度等因素对系统碳捕集效率、碳捕集量、蒸汽用量和电耗的影响规律,利用分析结果对碳捕集系统进行了运行优化,获得了最佳运行参数。结果表明,本装置在烟气流量6 000~7 000 m³/h,吸收剂循环流量3 400~3 700 kg/h,再生温度108.5~109.0 ℃时运行性能最好,其碳捕集效率可达90%,碳捕集量可达1.39 t/h,平均电耗为312 （kW·h）/t CO₂,平均再生热耗为3.07 GJ/t CO₂,能耗较传统30%单乙醇胺（MEA）吸收系统降低23%左右。最后探讨了碳捕集装置运行成本及其构成。研究结果可以为同类碳捕集装置的系统设计、设备选型及运行研究提供较为翔实的参考数据。

关键词: 二氧化碳, 碳捕集, CCUS, 有机胺, 运行优化, 碳达峰, 碳中和

Abstract:

In order to test the application result of carbon capture,utilization and storage（CCUS） technology in coal-fired boilers,a 10 000 t/a carbon capture demonstration project was designed and built for a power plant.A technical path including organic amine absorption,compression and refinery is selected through comparison,and its process and main equipment selection are discussed.After long-term operation test since the start-up of the demonstration project,the influences of absorbent flow,flue gas flow and regenerate temperature on capture efficiency,capture capacity,steam consumption and electricity consumption of the carbon capture system have been studied.The optimum operational parameters are obtained from the analysis on the influence factors,which are the flue gas flow kept at 6 000~7 000 m³/h,the absorbent circulation flow kept at 3 400~3 700 kg/h and the regeneration temperature maintained at 108.5~109.0 ℃.Keeping the parameters within the optimum ranges above,the system is of a capture efficiency higher than 90%,a carbon capture capacity above 1.39 t/h,an average electricity consumption of 312 （kW·h）/t CO₂ and an average regeneration heat rate of 3.05 GJ/t CO₂.The energy consumption of the system is about 23% lower than that of the traditional capture system taking 30% MEA.Finally,the operation cost and its composition are calculated.The study offers solid data for the design and equipment selection of similar carbon capture projects.

Key words: carbon dioxide, carbon capture, CCUS, organic amine, operational optimization, carbon peak, carbon neutrality

中图分类号:

TM732：TK284.9

孙路长, 王争荣, 吴冲, 王凯亮, 张士明, 韩文荃. 燃煤电厂万吨级碳捕集工程设计与运行优化研究[J]. 华电技术, 2021, 43(6): 69-78.

SUN Luchang, WANG Zhengrong, WU Chong, WANG Kailiang, ZHANG Shiming, HAN Wenquan. Research on operation optimization of a 10 000 t/a carbon capture project for coal-fired power plants[J]. Huadian Technology, 2021, 43(6): 69-78.

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组分名称	单位	设计工况	校核工况
组分名称	单位	设计煤种BMCR	设计煤种50%THA
φ（CO₂）	%	13.38	10.40
φ（O₂）	%	3.84	7.20
φ（N₂）	%	69.75	69.10
φ（H₂O）	%	13.02	13.30
ρ（SO₂）	mg/m³	26	35
ρ（SO₃）	mg/m³	10	10
ρ（NO_x）	mg/m³	50	50
烟尘质量浓度	mg/m³	5	5

名称	单位	设计要求	性能试验结果
CO₂生产能力	t/h	≥1.39	1.39
碳捕集效率	%	≥90.00	97.24
CO₂体积分数	%	≥99.90	99.98
产品质量其他指标		满足食品级二氧化碳国家标准	均优于食品级二氧化碳国家标准
电耗量	kW	520.00	431.32
蒸汽耗量	t/h	2.25	2.14

项目	消耗指标	单价	年运行费用/万元	占比/%
蒸汽	2.14 t/h	78.00 元/t	133.54	35.23
电	431.3 kW	0.27 元/(kW·h)	93.16	24.58
循环水	250 t/h	0.20 元/t	40.00	10.55
吸收剂	1.2 kg/t CO₂	4.00 万元/t	48.00	12.67
碱	0.1 kg/t CO₂	0.30 万元/t	0.30	0.08
人工	8	8.00 万元/(人·a)	64.00	16.89
小计			379.00	100.00