MEA溶液在生物质电厂和燃煤电厂捕集CO2中的应用对比

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2022.06.009

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为实现全球温升1.5 ℃以下的气候目标,需要减少化石燃料的使用和温室气体排放,带有碳捕集与封存的生物能源（BECCS）技术已得到广泛关注。对以单乙醇胺（MEA）溶液作为溶剂的化学吸收碳捕集系统进行建模。以采用了3种生物质（木头,草本生物质和固体垃圾）为燃料的生物质电厂和使用了2种燃煤（烟煤和褐煤）为燃料的火电厂为例,分析了从生物质电厂捕集到的烟气组成以及碳捕集系统的CO₂捕集率、能耗和经济效益,并将结果与燃煤电厂的碳捕集结果进行对比。结果表明：生物质电厂产生的烟气组成与生物质种类相关,与燃煤电厂的碳捕集情况相比,生物质燃烧烟气中CO₂体积分数分布更广;相同溶剂条件下,除草本生物质外,捕集系统对生物质燃烧烟气的碳捕集率为63.73%~92.08%,高于燃煤烟气的59.24%~79.53%;除城市固体垃圾外,从生物质电厂碳捕集系统的再沸器单位能耗和冷凝器单位能耗分别为3.89~4.00 GJ/t和1.57~1.71 GJ/t,低于燃煤电厂所需的3.90~4.29 GJ/t和1.61~1.97 GJ/t;从生物质燃烧烟气捕集CO₂造成MEA降解更少;在保证热电厂热量输入的情况下,虽然捕集系统对燃煤电厂经济效益的提升大于生物质电厂,但后者的经济效益更好。

关键词: 碳中和, 碳捕集, 生物质, 再沸器单位能耗, 经济效益, 乙醇胺

Abstract:

To make a commitment on limiting temperature rise to 1.5 ℃, it is necessary to reduce the fossil fuel consumptions and greenhouse gas emissions. The bioenergy with carbon capture and storage （BECCS） technology has received extensive attention. A model of monoethanolamine（MEA）-based chemical absorption CO₂ capture systems is developed. By comparing the performances of carbon capture systems in the biomass power plants taking wood,herb biomass and municipal solid waste as fuels and the coal-fired power plants taking bituminous and lignite as fuels,it is found that their flue gas composition are varied, and the CO₂ capture rate, energy consumption and economic benefits of installing CO₂ capture systems are different. The simulation results show that the CO₂ volume fractions in biomass-combusted flue gas（bio-FG） whose components are varied with the types of fuels are more widely distributed than that in coal-fired flue gas. With the same lean MEA solution, the capture system's CO₂ capture rate of bio-FG, except herbal biomass,reaches 63.73%-92.08%.It is higher than that of coal-fired flue gas which is 59.24%-79.53%. Except municipal solid waste's flue, the reboiler energy penalty and condenser energy penalty of bio-FG are 3.89-4.00 GJ/t and 1.57-1.71 GJ/t,respectively.They are lower than that of coal-fired flue gas which are 3.90-4.29 GJ/t and 1.61-1.97 GJ/t,respectively. Bio-FG leads to a slower oxidative degradation of MEA. On the premise of consistent and sufficient heat supply, the economic benefit brought by the installation of a CO₂ capture system to a coal fired power plant is larger than that to a biomass power plant, however, the overall economic benefit of the biomass power plant is higher.

Key words: carbon neutrality, carbon capture, biomass, reboiler energy penalty, economic benefit, MEA

中图分类号:

TK284.9：TM732

胡长征, 王雅博, 刘圣春. MEA溶液在生物质电厂和燃煤电厂捕集CO₂中的应用对比[J]. 综合智慧能源, 2022, 44(6): 78-85.

HU Changzheng, WANG Yabo, LIU Shengchun. Application of MEA solution in the CO2 capture in biomass power plants and coal-fired power plants[J]. Integrated Intelligent Energy, 2022, 44(6): 78-85.

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参数		输入值
MEA溶液 (质量分数30%)	贫液流量/(kg·h^-1)	200
MEA溶液 (质量分数30%)	贫液温度/K	313.00
吸收塔	填料高度/m	4.20
	塔直径/mm	125
	填料	Sulzer Mellapak 250Y
	塔底压力/kPa	101
解吸塔	填料高度/m	2.52
	塔径/mm	125
	填料	Sulzer Mellapak 250Y
	冷凝器温度/K	291.45
	冷凝器压力/kPa	200

参数		试验1	试验2
试验条件	燃料	天然气	煤
	烟气流量/(kg·h^-1)	72.0	72.4
	烟气压力/kPa	100.5	101.0
	温度/K	321	321
烟气组成	ω（N₂）/%	74.3	67.2
	ω（O₂）/%	10.1	9.4
	ω（H₂O）/%	7.1	6.9
	ω（CO₂）/%	8.5	16.5
贫液负载率/(mol·mol^-1)		0.386	0.308

项目		试验1	试验2
CO₂去除率	试验值/%	75.9	51.3
	模拟值/%	77.6	52.0
	误差/%	2.2	1.4
CO₂捕集率	试验值/%	76.0	51.2
	模拟值/%	77.2	52.0
	误差/%	1.6	1.6
CO₂质量分数	试验值/%	99.6	99.6
	模拟值/%	99.5	99.5
	误差/%	0.1	0.1
再沸器负荷	试验值//kW	6.5	6.8
	模拟值//kW	6.7	6.5
	误差/%	3.1	4.4
再沸器单位能耗	试验值/(GJ·t^-1)	5.0	4.0
	模拟值/(GJ·t^-1)	5.1	3.8
	误差/%	2.0	5.0

烟气组成	生物质			煤
烟气组成	WD^[9]	MSW^[21]	HB^[22]	烟煤^[23]	褐煤^[24]
φ（CO₂）	12.68	7.04	14.07	10.00	14.00
φ（O₂）	7.13	9.03	4.52	9.00	3.00
φ（H₂O）	14.88	18.75	10.49	3.00	14.70
φ（N₂）	65.31	65.18	70.92	78.00	68.30

参数	原料		文献
参数	煤	WD	文献
燃料流量/(t·h^-1)	256.7	358.6	[11]
烟气流量/(t·h^-1)	2 995.2	2 890.8
CO₂体积分数/%	13.28	14.35
CO₂捕集量/(t·h^-1)	547.2	565.6
电价/[元·（kW·h^-1）]	0.33	0.75	[32]
燃料价格/（元·t^-1）	900.0	300.0	[32,34]
欧盟碳交易价格/(元·t^-1)	554.9		[35]

MEA溶液在生物质电厂和燃煤电厂捕集CO₂中的应用对比

Application of MEA solution in the CO2 capture in biomass power plants and coal-fired power plants

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参考文献 35

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参数	燃煤电厂		生物质电厂
参数	无碳捕集	有碳捕集	无碳捕集	有碳捕集
日均售电收益	6	477	1 360	1 073
日均燃料费用	555	555	258	258
日均碳交易收益	0	729	0	753
日均捕集系统运行维护费用	0	213	0	220
日均经济效益	45	438	1 102	1 348

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