离网式风光互补制氢合成绿氨系统容量配置优化分析

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2024.11.009

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对可再生能源显著波动性及储运困难的问题，提出一种离网式风光互补制氢合成绿氨系统。比较了风光互补系统与单一风能、光能系统在绿氨平准化成本方面的差异，对系统的绿氨成本进行了敏感性分析。该系统基于真实风光输出数据，将容量设计与运行调度阶段紧密耦合，基于设备运行状态和容量配置的约束，进行逐小时优化调度，采用混合整数线性规划算法求解以最大化系统的经济收益。系统利用风光互补策略，有效降低了可再生能源的波动性。储能设备通过对氢能与电能进行削峰填谷操作，确保能源供应的连续性与稳定性。研究结果为偏远弱电网地区或部分难并网地区实施风光氢氨一体化项目提供了可行性基础，同时为未来示范项目的建设提供参考。

关键词: 风力发电, 光伏发电, 氢能, 离网运行, 容量优化, 绿氨

Abstract:

To address the significant fluctuations and storage and transportation challenges associated with renewable energy， an off-grid wind-solar hybrid hydrogen production and green ammonia synthesis system was proposed. The levelized cost of ammonia（LCOA） between the wind-solar hybrid system and standalone wind and solar energy systems was compared， and sensitivity analysis on the green ammonia cost of the system was performed. Based on actual wind-solar output data， the system tightly coupled capacity design with operation scheduling. Hourly scheduling optimization was performed under constraints of equipment operation status and capacity configuration， aiming to maximize the system's economic returns through a mixed-integer linear programming （MILP） algorithm. The hybrid strategy effectively reduced renewable energy volatility. Energy storage devices smoothed out hydrogen and electricity fluctuations， ensuring continuity and stability of energy supply. The research results provide a feasible basis for implementing wind-solar hydrogen-ammonia integrated projects in remote and weak-grid areas or regions where grid connection is challenging， and serve as a reference for the construction of future demonstration projects.

Key words: wind power generation, photovoltaic power generation, hydrogen energy, off-grid operation, capacity optimization, green ammonia

中图分类号:

TQ113：TM732：TM73

王海鸣, 张润之, 周家辉, 徐钢, 耿嘉曦. 离网式风光互补制氢合成绿氨系统容量配置优化分析[J]. 综合智慧能源, 2024, 46(11): 73-82.

WANG Haiming, ZHANG Runzhi, ZHOU Jiahui, XU Gang, GENG Jiaxi. Optimal capacity configuration of off-grid wind-solar hybrid hydrogen production and green ammonia synthesis system[J]. Integrated Intelligent Energy, 2024, 46(11): 73-82.

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设备	投资成本	年均运维成本比例/%
光伏发电机组	3 800 元/kW	1
风力发电机组	4 600 元/kW	2
绿氨合成设备	4 680 元/t	2
电解槽	2 000 元/kW	2
储氢罐	1 750 元/kg	1
蓄电池容量价格	1 200 元/(kW·h)	2
蓄电池功率价格	800 元/kW	2

设备	参数	数值
氨合成	绿氨转化效率/%	98
	单位产量电耗/(kW·h·kg^-1)	0.95
	功率范围/%	30~110
电解槽	单位产量电耗/(kW·h·kg^-1)	56
电解槽	功率范围/%	5~110
储氢罐	有效储量调节范围/%	5~95
储氢罐	充放效率/%	98
蓄电池	有效储量调节范围/%	10~90
	充放效率/%	95
	自损率/%	0.01
	储能时间/h	4

项目	风光互补	单独光伏	单独风电
光伏/MW	125	490	0
风电/MW	215	0	330
氨/(万t·a^-1)	7.32	6.83	7.96
电解槽/MW	156.94	265.64	192.14
储能容量/（MW·h）	62.05	184.15	91.14
储氢罐/t	22.84	122.79	84.8
氨平准化价格/(元·t^-1)	3 857.63	6 290.44	4 346.84

投资项目	投资成本
风力发电机组	8 256
光伏发电机组	3 800
绿氨合成设备	4 274
电解槽	4 394
储氢罐	689
蓄电池	1 501
运行维护	4 966