基于电制氢多级利用的综合能源系统低碳经济运行优化研究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2025.07.008

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在“双碳”目标的推动下，建设高效低碳的综合能源系统成为一项重要工作。针对综合能源系统碳排放和运行成本较高、能源利用率较低的情况，提出了一种基于电制氢多级利用的综合能源系统低碳经济运行优化模型。通过两阶段电转气与碳捕集与封存技术的结合，实现系统内部碳循环利用；在此基础上，构建包含甲烷制备、燃气掺氢以及氢气存储的电制氢多级利用体系，进而提高氢能的利用率；最后，综合考虑阶梯碳交易机制，建立以运行总成本最小为目标的优化模型。算例分析表明：该优化模型将氢能利用率提升了8.2%，推动了氢能的多级利用；系统运行总成本和碳排放分别降低了7.58%和10.1%，有效促进了综合能源系统的低碳经济运行。

关键词: 综合能源系统, 碳排放, 电制氢, 阶梯碳交易机制, 碳捕集与封存, 两阶段电转气, 燃气掺氢

Abstract:

Driven by the "dual-carbon" goals， developing efficient and low-carbon integrated energy systems has become a critical priority. To address the issue of high carbon emissions， high operating costs， and low energy utilization efficiency of integrated energy systems， an optimization model for low-carbon economic operation of integrated energy systems was proposed based on multi-level utilization of hydrogen production from electricity. By integrating two-stage power-to-gas technology with carbon capture and storage technologies， carbon recycling within the system was achieved. Based on this， a multi-level utilization system for hydrogen production from electricity was established， which included methane production， hydrogen blending in natural gas， and hydrogen storage， thus improving hydrogen utilization efficiency. By incorporating the tiered carbon trading mechanism， an optimization model with the goal of minimizing total operating costs was developed. Case analysis showed that the optimization model improved hydrogen utilization efficiency by 8.2%， promoting the multi-level utilization of hydrogen. The total operating cost and carbon emissions were reduced by 7.58% and 10.1%， respectively， effectively promoting the low-carbon economic operation of the integrated energy system.

Key words: integrated energy system, carbon emissions, hydrogen production from electricity, tiered carbon trading mechanism, carbon capture and storage, two-stage power-to-gas, hydrogen blending in natural gas

中图分类号:

TK01

邢作霞, 赵子逸, 孙浩, 张鹏飞, 付启桐. 基于电制氢多级利用的综合能源系统低碳经济运行优化研究[J]. 综合智慧能源, 2025, 47(7): 71-81.

XING Zuoxia, ZHAO Ziyi, SUN Hao, ZHANG Pengfei, FU Qitong. Research on low-carbon economic operation optimization of integrated energy systems based on multi-level utilization of hydrogen production from electricity[J]. Integrated Intelligent Energy, 2025, 47(7): 71-81.

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设备	容量/MW	爬坡上/下限/(MW·h^-1)	效率
GT	400	150/-150	0.40/0.35
GB	100	40/-40	0.92
WT	500		0.40
PV	600		0.35
EB	50	10/-10	0.90
CFU	200	100/-100	0.90
EL	120	30/-30	0.85
ME	100	60/-60	0.70
CCSE	150	40/-40	0.90

设备	容量上/下限/(MW·h)	最大充/放功率/MW	充/放效率	初始容量/(MW·h)
TST	60/10	15/15	0.95/0.95	30
BP	60/10	15/15	0.90/0.90	30
HST	30/5	10/10	0.98/0.98	15

设备	碳排放系数	数值
燃煤机组	a₁	36
	b₁	-0.380
	c₁	0.003 4
燃气机组	a₂	3
	b₂	-0.004
	c₂	0.001 0

项目	场景1	场景2	场景3
总成本/万元	458.56	482.07	496.17
弃风弃光成本/万元	0.71	7.76	38.02
启停成本/万元	0.16	0.08	0.32
碳封存成本/万元	29.34	26.50	0
碳交易成本/万元	-8.36	-6.22	6.26
购气成本/万元	410.35	433.77	420.99
煤耗成本/万元	26.36	20.18	19.54
购碳成本/万元	0	0	11.04
碳排放/t	2 931.88	2 873.25	3 259.97

场景	CCSE耗电功率	CFU产电功率	EL耗电功率	EB产热功率	GT产电功率	GB产热功率	GT产热功率
1	113.54	1 246.07	1 564.48	810.83	4 189.34	1 813.15	4 330.67
4	177.63	1 249.62	1 159.32	924.31	3 824.28	1 910.93	4 152.87