关键词: 新能源并网, 微电网, 构网型控制, 构网型装备, 典型场景分析

Abstract: In the context of new power system development, grid-forming technology has emerged as a key solution to core challenges in microgrids, such as lack of inertia, frequency fluctuations, and voltage instability. This paper first systematically reviews the technical principles and evolution of grid-forming control strategies, followed by an analysis of three developmental stages of grid-forming equipment—from pilot demonstrations to intelligent applications—based on typical engineering cases.Next, focusing on three representative scenarios (islanded operation, grid-connection switching, and multi-microgrid coordination), the study delves into the functional advantages and implementation mechanisms of grid-forming technology in enhancing system stability.Finally, to address existing challenges like control real-time performance, device reliability, and cost-effectiveness, future research directions are proposed, including intelligent algorithm optimization, novel topology development, and multi-energy-domain synergy. These insights aim to provide theoretical support for the large-scale application of grid-forming technology in microgrids.

Key words: Renewable energy grid integration, Microgrid, Grid-forming control, Grid-forming equipment, Typical scenario analysis