关键词: 虚拟电厂, 碳捕集与封存, 需求响应, 碳交易, 动态碳排放因子, 低碳经济调度

Abstract: To address the limitation of insufficient source-load interaction in Virtual Power Plant (VPP) low-carbon dispatch, this paper proposes an optimization method integrating source-side flexible carbon capture and load-side Ultra-Carbon Demand Response (UCDR). First, on the source side, a combined flexible Carbon Capture Power Plant (CCPP) and Power-to-Gas (P2G) system is constructed. The system dynamically regulates operation to decouple carbon capture energy consumption from power generation. Simultaneously, P2G absorbs curtailed renewable energy to synthesize natural gas for gas-fired units, establishing a closed electricity-gas-carbon circulation loop. Second, on the load side, a two-stage UCDR mechanism based on dynamic carbon emission factors is established. Real-time carbon factors are quantified into price signals. The mechanism reflects environmental costs and precisely guides users to shift consumption from high-carbon periods to low-carbon, clean intervals. Finally, a Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) model minimizing system costs is constructed and solved using the Gurobi solver. Results demonstrate that this source-load collaborative mechanism effectively exploits demand-side potential, achieving the low-carbon and economic operation of the VPP.

Key words: virtual power plant, carbon capture and storage, demand response, carbon trading, dynamic carbon emission factor, low-carbon economic scheduling