储能参与的电能量-调频市场双层交易决策模型

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2026.05.002

综合智慧能源 ›› 2026, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (5): 10-18.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2026.05.002

储能参与的电能量-调频市场双层交易决策模型

郭秉霖¹(), 张竞宇²(), 臧启勇²^,^*()

¹ 山东电力工程咨询院有限公司，济南 250013
² 华北电力大学核科学与工程学院，北京 102206

收稿日期:2025-07-29 修回日期:2025-08-11 出版日期:2025-11-24
通讯作者: *臧启勇（1988），男，工程师，硕士，从事核电系统、电力市场、能源经济等方面的研究，zangqiyong@ncepu.edu.cn。
作者简介:郭秉霖（1993），男，工程师，博士，从事新能源、能源规划、电力市场等方面的研究，guobinglin007@outlook.com；
张竞宇（1984），男，副教授，博士，从事核电系统、电力市场、技术经济与管理等方面的研究，poptnt@163.com。
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFE03110000);国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFE03110003);国家电力投资集团科技项目(042500105290)

Bi-level trading decision-making model for electric energy-frequency regulation markets

GUO Binglin¹(), ZHANG Jingyu²(), ZANG Qiyong²^,^*()

¹ Shandong Electric Power Engineering Consulting Institute Company Limited， Jinan 250013， China
² School of Nuclear Science and Engineering， North China Electric Power University， Beijing 102206， China

Received:2025-07-29 Revised:2025-08-11 Published:2025-11-24
Supported by:
National Key R&D Program Project(2019YFE03110000);National Key R&D Program Project(2019YFE03110003);State Power Investment Group's Science and Technology Project(042500105290)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

储能作为具备灵活调节与快速响应特性的单一技术类新型经营主体，可同时参与电能量与调频等多市场交易。针对现有模型统筹性不足的问题，构建了储能电站协同参与电能量与调频市场的双层优化模型：上层以收益最大化为目标，优化其投标与出力策略；下层模拟市场出清，以最小化系统购电成本。通过引入互补松弛条件与强对偶理论，实现模型向混合整数线性规划的转化，兼顾可解性与扩展性。基于IEEE 30节点系统的仿真结果显示，该策略可使系统购电成本降低约5.8%，储能电站收益提升超20%，有效提升了资源配置效率与主体经济性。该模型可为储能电站等新型主体参与多市场交易提供决策支持与机制参考。

关键词: 储能系统, 多市场交易, 双层优化模型, 混合整数线性规划, 市场出清

Abstract:

Energy storage（ES）， as a new type of single-technology business entity with flexible regulation and rapid response capabilities， can simultaneously participate in multi-market trading such as electric energy and frequency regulation. To address the insufficient coordination of existing models， a bi-level optimization model was constructed for ES power stations to jointly participate in electric energy and frequency regulation markets. The upper level aimed to maximize revenue by optimizing bidding and scheduling strategies， while the lower level simulated market clearing with the goal of minimizing system electricity purchase costs. By introducing complementary slackness conditions and strong duality theory， the model was transformed into a mixed-integer linear programming problem， ensuring both solvability and scalability. Simulation results based on an IEEE 30-bus system demonstrated that the proposed strategy could reduce system electricity purchase costs by approximately 5.8% and increase the revenues of ES power stations by over 20%， thereby effectively enhancing resource allocation efficiency and economic benefits for market participants. This model can provide decision-making support and mechanism references for new entities such as ES power stations in multi-market trading.

Key words: energy storage system, multi-market trading, bi-level optimization model, mixed-integer linear programming, market clearing

中图分类号:

TK01：TM73

郭秉霖, 张竞宇, 臧启勇. 储能参与的电能量-调频市场双层交易决策模型[J]. 综合智慧能源, 2026, 48(5): 10-18.

GUO Binglin, ZHANG Jingyu, ZANG Qiyong. Bi-level trading decision-making model for electric energy-frequency regulation markets[J]. Integrated Intelligent Energy, 2026, 48(5): 10-18.

图/表 10

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火电机组	额定功率/MW	电能量报价/ [元·(MW∙h)^-1]	调频里程报价/ (元·MW^-1)
G1	150	191	12
G2	110	183	15
G3	60	201	15
G4	80	190	18
G5	40	230	14
G6	40	192	16

场景编号	系统购电成本/万元	相对变化/%	成本构成说明
1	948.6	+5.45	火电为主供能，储能电站贡献小，备用费用较高
2	983.6	+9.35	储能电站承担调频，未参与供能，需额外购电
3	899.6		储能电站同时供能与调频，显著降低备用与购电成本

场景编号	储能电站总收益/ 万元	电能量市场收益/ 万元	调频市场收益/ 万元	电能量市场占比/%	调频市场占比/%
1	22.00	22.00	0	100	0
2	24.50	0	24.50	0	100
3	28.00	14.56	13.44	52	48

储能参与的电能量-调频市场双层交易决策模型

Bi-level trading decision-making model for electric energy-frequency regulation markets

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