Temperature control for a SOFC-GT hybrid power system based on gain scheduling model predictive control

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2022.10.006

Abstract

Abstract:

Solid oxide fuel cells （SOFCs） have been widely used due to their high power generation efficiency and low pollutant emissions.Working temperature is a main factor affecting the service life and performance of an SOFC.In order to ensure its long-term safe operation，it is necessary to control the working temperature within a certain range.However，SOFCs are of strong coupling and significant nonlinear characteristics，especially working under large temperature differences.A temperature control strategy based on gain scheduling model predictive control is designed for the SOFC temperature controller in a solid oxide fuel cell-gas turbine （SOFC-GT） hybrid power system.The strategy can ensure the safe operation of the SOFC-GT hybrid power system by controlling the SOFC operating temperature in a wide range of operating conditions.

Key words: solid oxide fuel cell, gas turbine, hybrid power system, predictive control, gain scheduling, gain scheduling model

CLC Number:

TK01

WANG Li, LI Bei, ZHANG Fan, CHEN Jinwei. Temperature control for a SOFC-GT hybrid power system based on gain scheduling model predictive control[J]. Integrated Intelligent Energy, 2022, 44(10): 42-49.

Figures/Tables 10

Fig.1

Table 1

Fig.2

Table 2

Table 3

Fig.3

Fig.4

Fig.5

Fig.6

Fig.7

References 21

[1]	中国石油经济技术研究院. 2050年世界与中国能源发展展望(2020版)[R]. 2020.
[2]	张俊锋, 许文娟, 王跃锜, 等. 面向碳中和的中国碳排放现状调查与分析[J]. 华电技术, 2021, 43(10):1-10.
	ZHANG Junfeng, XU Wenjuan, WANG Yueqi, et al. Investigation and analysis on carbon emission status in China on the path to carbon neutrality[J]. Huadian Technology, 2021, 43(10):1-10.
[3]	张晋宾, 周四维. 碳中和体系解读[J]. 华电技术, 2021, 43(6):1-10.
	ZHANG Jinbin, ZHOU Siwei. Interpretation on carbon neutrality system[J]. Huadian Technology, 2021, 43(6):1-10.
[4]	王朝阳, 刘明, 赵永亮, 等. 绝热条件下固体氧化物燃料电池的瞬态电化学特性[J]. 华电技术, 2021, 43(7):30-36.
	WANG Chaoyang, LIU Ming, ZHAO Yongliang, et al. Transient electrochemical characteristics of solid oxide fuel cells under adiabatic conditions[J]. Huadian Technology, 2021, 43(7):30-36.
[5]	PEZZINI P, BRYDEN K M, TUCKER D. Multicoordination control strategy performance in hybrid power systems[J]. Journal of Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage, 2018, 15(3):031007. doi: 10.1115/1.4039356
[6]	CHEN J W, LI Y F, ZHANG H S, et al. Comparison of different fuel cell temperature control systems in an anode and cathode ejector-based SOFC-GT hybrid system[J]. Energy Conversion and Management, 2021, 243:114353. doi: 10.1016/j.enconman.2021.114353
[7]	EMAMI T, TSAI A, TUCKER D. Apply robust proportional integral derivative controller to a fuel cell gas turbine[J]. Journal of Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage, 2018, 15(2):021006. doi: 10.1115/1.4038635
[8]	CHEN J W, LI Y F, ZHANG H S, et al. A novel SOFC thermal management strategy of SOFC-GT hybrid system with anode and cathode control loops[C]// Turbo Expo: Power for Land,Sea,and Air, 2020, 84140:V005T06A033.
[9]	WANG X S, LV X J, MI X C, et al. Coordinated control approach for load following operation of SOFC-GT hybrid system[J]. Energy, 2022, 248:123548. doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2022.123548
[10]	BAO C, WANG Y, FENG D L, et al. Macroscopic modeling of solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) and model-based control of SOFC and gas turbine hybrid system[J]. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 2018, 66:83-140. doi: 10.1016/j.pecs.2017.12.002
[11]	EMAMI T, TSAI A, TUCKER D. Decentralized PI controller design for SOFC-GT[C]// ASME 2020 Power Conference collocated with the 2020 International Conference on Nuclear Engineering, 2020:V001T03A001.
[12]	VIGNEYSH T, KUMARAPPAN N. Dynamic modeling and control of utility-interactive microgrid using fuzzy logic controller[M]. Singapore:Springer, Intelligent and Efficient Electrical Systems, 2018:97-106.
[13]	WU X J, YANG D N, WANG J H, et al. Temperature gradient control of a solid oxide fuel cell stack[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2019, 414:345-353. doi: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2018.12.058
[14]	TSAI A, EMAMI T, TUCKER D. Neural network for balance of plant SOFC-GT actuator control[C]// Turbo Expo: Power for Land,Sea,and Air.American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020, 84140:V005T05A001.
[15]	XIONG X Y, XUE Z Z, WU X, et al. Modelling and flow rate control methods for anode tail gas circulation intake system at SOFC[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2022, 47(36):16201-16213. doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2022.03.117
[16]	FERRARI M L, ROSSI I, SORCE A, et al. Advanced control system for grid-connected SOFC hybrid plants: Experimental verification in cyber-physical mode[J]. Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, 2019, 141(9):091019. doi: 10.1115/1.4044196
[17]	ROSSI I, FERRARI M L, TRAVERSO A. Linear MPC operating far from design condition:Assessment derived from experiments[C]// Turbo Expo: Power for Land,Sea,and Air.American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020, 84140:V005T05A017.
[18]	TSAI A, PEZZINI P, TUCKER D, et al. Multiple—model adaptive control of a hybrid solid oxide fuel cell gas turbine power plant simulator[J]. Journal of Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage, 2019, 16(3):031003. doi: 10.1115/1.4042381
[19]	FERRARI M L, ZACCARIA V, KYPRIANIDIS K. Pressurized SOFC system fuelled by biogas:Control approaches and degradation impact[J]. Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, 2021, 143(6):061006. doi: 10.1115/1.4048653
[20]	胡小夫, 汪洋, 田立, 等. 中高温SOFC/MGT联合发电技术研究进展[J]. 华电技术, 2019, 41(8):1-5.
	HU Xiaofu, WANG Yang, TIAN Li, et al. Progress in intermediate and high temperature SOFC /MGT combined power generation technology[J]. Huadian Technology, 2019, 41(8):1-5.
[21]	陈金伟. 基于引射回流的固体氧化物燃料电池-燃气轮机系统建模与控制策略研究[D]. 上海: 上海交通大学, 2018.

工况	功率/ kW	外界燃料量/ （kg·s^-1）	后燃室燃料流量/ （kg·s^-1）	GT转速/ （r·min^-1）
^#1	196.8	0.004 91	0.001 1	58 271
^#2	229.6	0.006 07	0.000 9	59 969
^#3	262.4	0.007 37	0.000 7	62 074
^#4	295.2	0.008 88	0.000 4	63 836
^#5	328.0	0.010 00	0	70 000

工况	采样时间/s	预测时域	控制时域	两输出增量权重	阳极进口温度权重	阴极进口温度权重
^#1	2	100	5	1.46	0.16	0.14
^#2	2	100	5	1.09	0.11	0.11
^#3	2	100	5	0.73	0.16	0.16
^#4	2	100	5	1.40	0.76	0.76
^#5	2	100	5	1.40	0.76	0.76

控制器	参数	数值
阳极进口温度控制PI	K_P	0.000 010
阳极进口温度控制PI	K_I	0.000 001
阴极进口温度控制PI	K_P	-1.000 000
阴极进口温度控制PI	K_I	0.500 000