Optimization configuration of photovoltaic and energy storage microgrid system in high way service areas based on energy self-sufficiency

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2025.02.005

Abstract

Abstract:

Building upon the demand for energy self-sufficiency of highways，particularly within weak grid networks， this study proposes an engineering-oriented dual-layer optimization algorithm model for scientific configuration of photovoltaic and energy storage systems for typical microgrids with multiple transformer areas in highway service zones.In the inner layer，an operational optimization scheduling model was established with the objective of minimizing energy consumption costs and reverse power flow to the grid. This model simulated the optimal annual scheduling of the system based on specific photovoltaic and energy storage capacity parameters and calculated indicators such as electricity purchase costs. It also accounted for safety constraints within multiple distribution systems. The outer layer integrated the annual electricity purchase costs with the investment and operational costs of the photovoltaic and energy storage system， aiming to minimize the annualized equivalent cost. It also considered installation capacity limitations to generate the optimal photovoltaic and energy storage capacity configuration scheme in service areas. The algorithm solving process was designed using an improved particle swarm optimization （PSO） algorithm and mixed-integer programming solver for solving constraint interger programs（SCIP） for efficient model solution. A case demonstrated that the proposed model could effectively achieve the optimal configuration of photovoltaic and energy storage capacity， resulting in an annual saving of 27.4% in electricity purchase costs. Moreover， the payback period for the photovoltaic storage system investment was 47.6% shorter than the planned operational lifespan， significantly reducing the overall system cost.

Key words: highway service area, photovoltaic and storage optimal configuration, annualized equivalent cost, particle swarm optimization, mixed-integer programming, microgrid

CLC Number:

TM715

LIU Bin, LUO Yi, SUN Zhou, CHEN Xiaoqi, JIANG Zhiwei, JIANG Chun, CHEN Mingtao. Optimization configuration of photovoltaic and energy storage microgrid system in high way service areas based on energy self-sufficiency[J]. Integrated Intelligent Energy, 2025, 47(2): 50-59.

Figures/Tables 14

Fig.1

Fig.2

Fig.3

Fig.4

Table 1

Table 2

Example parameter settings

参数	数值	参数	数值
C_E/[元·(kW·h)^-1]	1 500	P_gridmax/(kV·A)	1 000
C_P/(元·kW^-1)	900	θ_max	0.5
α/%	1	C_PV/(元·kW^-1)	3 040
ηⁱ_c._n,ηⁱ_d._n	0.95	Pⁱ_pvratemax/kW	100
$S O C m a x, n i$ /%	100	β/%	1.3
$S O C m i n, n i$ /%	10	m/a	10
Eⁱ_capmax/(kW·h)	1 000	γ	0.04
θ_min	0.5	N_days/d	365
Pⁱ_max/(kV·A)	630	调度周期/h	1

Table 2

Fig.5

Table 3

Fig.6

Fig.7

Fig.8

Table 4

Table 5

Table 6

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时段	时间	电价
高峰	10:00 —12:00,15:00 —21:00	0.942 7
尖峰	7—8月：15:00 —17:00 1月，12月:19:00 —21:00	1.121 9
平段	07:00 —10:00, 12:00 —15:00， 21:00 —23:00	0.606 6
低谷	23:00 —次日07:00	0.270 6

指标	数值	指标	数值
光伏年总发电量/(MW·h)	208.13	年均等效总投资成本/万元	16.40
年总用电量/ (MW·h)	1 772.54	年度总运维成本/ 万元	1.40
年总反向上网电量/(MW·h)	0	年度综合成本/万元	97.73
年累计外购电电量/(MW·h)	1 581. 88	年度总节省电费/ 万元	24.63
年总购电成本/万元	81.33	光储投资回收年限/a	5.23

配置方案	C^inv	C^com	C^ope	年度综合成本
Pⁱ_pvrate._n=30 kW；Pⁱ_pcsrate._n=36 kW； Eⁱ_cap._n =72 kW·h	9.98	0.80	93.06	103.03
Pⁱ_pvrate._n=40 kW；Pⁱ_pcsrate._n=35 kW； Eⁱ_cap._n =70 kW·h	10.59	0.86	91.67	102.26
Pⁱ_pvrate._n=50 kW；Pⁱ_pcsrate._n=35 kW；Eⁱ_cap._n =70 kW·h	11.42	0.94	90.07	101.50
Pⁱ_pvrate._n=60 kW；Pⁱ_pcsrate._n=35 kW；Eⁱ_cap._n =70 kW·h	12.25	1.02	88.48	100.73
Pⁱ_pvrate._n=70 kW；Pⁱ_pcsrate._n=35 kW； Eⁱ_cap._n =70 kW·h	13.08	1.10	86.89	99.97
Pⁱ_pvrate._n=80 kW；Pⁱ_pcsrate._n=35 kW；Eⁱ_cap._n =70 kW·h	13.91	1.18	85.30	99.21
Pⁱ_pvrate._n=90 kW；Pⁱ_pcsrate._n=35 kW； Eⁱ_cap._n =70 kW·h	14.74	1.26	83.72	98.46
Pⁱ_pvrate._n=100 kW；Pⁱ_pcsrate._n=39 kW；Eⁱ_cap._n =78 kW·h	16.40	1.40	81.33	97.73

配置方案	年度节省总电费/万元	总投资回收年限/a
Pⁱ_pvrate._n=30 kW；Pⁱ_pcsrate._n=36 kW；Eⁱ_cap._n =72 kW·h	12.90	6.14
Pⁱ_pvrate._n=40 kW；Pⁱ_pcsrate._n=35 kW； Eⁱ_cap._n =70 kW·h	14.29	5.87
Pⁱ_pvrate._n=50 kW；Pⁱ_pcsrate._n=35 kW； Eⁱ_cap._n =70 kW·h	15.89	5.68
Pⁱ_pvrate._n=60 kW；Pⁱ_pcsrate._n=35 kW； Eⁱ_cap._n =70 kW·h	17.48	5.53
Pⁱ_pvrate._n=70 kW；Pⁱ_pcsrate._n=35 kW； Eⁱ_cap._n =70 kW·h	19.07	5.40
Pⁱ_pvrate._n=80 kW；Pⁱ_pcsrate._n=35 kW； Eⁱ_cap._n =70 kW·h	20.66	5.29
Pⁱ_pvrate._n=90 kW；Pⁱ_pcsrate._n=35 kW； Eⁱ_cap._n =70 kW·h	22.24	5.21
Pⁱ_pvrate._n=100 kW；Pⁱ_pcsrate._n=39 kW；Eⁱ_cap._n =78 kW·h	24.63	5.23

指标	数值	指标	数值
光伏年总发电量/(MW·h)	208.13	年均等效总投资成本/万元	10.37
年总用电量/(MW·h)	1 772.54	年度总运维成本/万元	0.95
年总反向上网电量/(MW·h)	1.91	年度综合成本/万元	97.91
年累计外购电电量/(MW·h)	1 571.15	年度总节省用电电费/万元	18.42
年总购电成本/ 万元	87.62	光储投资回收年限/a	4.37