Abstract:

Zero-carbon parks serve as key carriers for achieving the "dual-carbon" goals. The core of such parks lies in realizing efficient energy utilization through the construction of integrated energy systems. Activating the data flywheel in zero-carbon parks helps drive efficient coordination and continuous optimization of park-level integrated energy systems， thereby addressing current development challenges such as "overemphasis on construction and neglect of operation" and the fragmented "source-grid-load-storage" chain. Based on the data flywheel theory and typical zero-carbon park construction cases， construction pathways for zero-carbon parks driven by the data flywheel were explored. The integrated energy system， energy consumption scenarios， and carbon asset management were proposed as the three core components of zero-carbon parks. The data flywheel theory was introduced as an analytical perspective to examine the synergistic mechanisms and data flow logic among these three components. The feasibility of the proposed strategies was verified through quantitative comparative analysis of cases such as Xiamen ABB Industrial Center， Shenzhen Virtual Power Plant Management Center， and Bo'ao Dongyu Island Zero-Carbon Demonstration Zone. Furthermore， the construction pathways for zero-carbon parks driven by the data flywheel were deduced. The spatiotemporal misalignment between the energy system and energy consumption scenarios， the asset mismatch between the energy system and carbon assets， and the resource misallocation between energy consumption scenarios and carbon asset management together constituted the three core bottlenecks in the development of zero-carbon parks. Activating the five-stage data flywheel of "acquisition—storage—entry—acceleration—adaptation" can inject core momentum for continuous optimization into the integrated energy system. This can be transformed into the system's self-optimization capability in operation， a leap in overall efficiency， and the intrinsic driving force for value creation. It is recommended to establish unified data standards， develop park-level data middle platforms and platform operators， explore market-based allocation pathways for energy data elements， and design data-driven business closed loops to empower zero-carbon park construction.

Key words: zero-carbon park, integrated energy, data flywheel, carbon asset management, energy consumption scenario, source-grid-load-storage