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Review on solar thermal power generation technologies and their development ZHANG Jinping, ZHOU Qiang, WANG Dingmei, LI Jin, LIU Lijuan Integrated Intelligent Energy    2023, 45 (2): 44-52.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2023.02.006 Abstract （1007）   HTML （38）    PDF （928KB）（5167）       Knowledge map    Under the "dual carbon" target， new energy ushers in a leapfrog development，which makes an higher requirement for power system flexibility. The regulation capacity of concentrating solar power （CSP）plants can rival that of conventional thermal units. CSP plants can participate in peak load and frequency regulations timely and deeply， which improves the flexibility of the power system. Thus，CSP is a promising renewable energy generation technology. Based on the introduction on the operation principle and structure of a CSP plant， the advantages，disadvantages and research progress of various CSP technologies are analyzed. The problems and development direction of CSP technology are discussed based on the status quo and demand of CSP. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the status quo and development trend of grid-forming converter technology YU Guo, WU Jun, XIA Re, CHEN Yihui, GUO Zihui, HUANG Wenxin Integrated Intelligent Energy    2022, 44 (9): 65-70.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2022.09.009 Abstract （884）   HTML （13）    PDF （1104KB）（3802）       Knowledge map    Due to the numerous electric and electrical devices and high-penetration new energy in a power system,the system's inertia tends to decrease and its strength and stability are hampered. In order to improve the stability of the system,a grid-forming converter technology which gives play to the flexibility and controllability of converters,compensates for the missing inherent inertia damping and provides reliable voltage and frequency support for the system is proposed.Based on the comparison between grid-forming control and gird-following control technologies,different network construction control strategies are analyzed. Then, the grid-forming high-pressure energy storage technology is introduced.The bottlenecks,challenges and feasible solutions of the technology are pointed out.The research results show that since the grid construction control technology can effectively improve the inertia damping,and provide the voltage and frequency support for the power system,it is promising in new power systems with high proportion of new energy and a large quantity of electronic equipment. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Energy storage technologies and their applications and development XUE Fu, MA Xiaoming, YOU Yanjun Integrated Intelligent Energy    2023, 45 (9): 48-58.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2023.09.007 Abstract （1159）   HTML （49）    PDF （929KB）（3220）       Knowledge map    Energy storage is a key supportive technology for the energy revolution. In the context of carbon neutrality， the fast-growing energy storage technology is playing an increasingly important role in energy industry. Existing energy storage technologies and their development statuses are expounded， focusing on their characteristics and differences. And the application scenarios and economy of these technologies are comprehensively compared. The key to battery researches is introducing new energy storage materials to solve its non-traditional electrochemical problems. Thermochemical energy storage is suitable for long-term storage due to its low energy consumption in reversible reactions， but attention should be paid to its cyclic dynamic characteristics， modeling and cost control. Pumped energy storage and compressed air storage technology are mature technologies， which are of high storage capacity and suitable for large-scale energy storage projects. However， the two technologies are limited by siting constraints， high cost of infrastructure construction and difference in operation and maintenance costs. Flywheel energy storage technology is suitable for the scenarios in need of frequent start-up and short energy release time， but how to the reduce energy loss in conversion is the challenge. Applications of hydrogen energy is restricted by difficulties in storage and transportation and its low energy conversion efficiency. The study can provide reference for relevant researches and policy formulation. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Review on water electrolysis for hydrogen production powered by fluctuating wind power and PV Leijiao GE, Qingxue CUI, Mingwei LI, Fang YAO, Xiaona YANG, Tianshuo DU Integrated Intelligent Energy    2022, 44 (5): 1-14.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2022.05.001 Abstract （620）   HTML （20）    PDF （1559KB）（2211）       Knowledge map    Water electrolysis for hydrogen production powered by green energy such as PV and wind power is an important technical rout to realize the national energy strategy of carbon neutrality and carbon peaking. Nevertheless,the volatility of wind power and PV seriously affects the dynamic adaptability and operational reliability of the hydrogen production system based on water electrolysis. By expounding the characteristics of the hydrogen production technology powered by wind-PV complementary systems,and analyzing the mechanism and economy of this technology,an efficient and reliable technical rout of water electrolysis for hydrogen production powered by fluctuating wind power and PV is conceived,to extricate from the predicament in water electrolysis for hydrogen production. There are three key steps in the realization path, system configuration optimization, stable operation and service life extension. Targeting at the system service life management, the safe, reliable and economic operation of the water electrolysis system for hydrogen production powered by PV and wind power lays a favorable foundation for the development of wind-PV-hydrogen industry chain. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Optimal configuration for energy storage system capacity of wind-solar-storage microgrid ZHOU Chengwei, LI Peng, YU Bin, YU Tianyang, MENG Wei Integrated Intelligent Energy    2022, 44 (12): 56-61.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2022.12.008 Abstract （725）   HTML （31）    PDF （985KB）（1644）       Knowledge map    Due to the intermittent and fluctuating characteristics of distributed energies such as solar energy and wind energy， energy storage technology is taken to effectively reduce their output fluctuations and improve their controllability. Based on the analysis on the characteristics of a wind-solar-storage microgrid's output， an optimal capacity allocation model taking the minimum total investment cost， lowest annual load power shortage rate and optimal wind and solar energy abandonment rate of the microgrid system as the optimization objectives is established. The model's optimal capacity allocation schemes under different constraints and operation strategies are obtained by non-dominated sequencing genetic algorithm （NSGA）. The results show that the wind-solar-storage microgrid system optimized by the optimal energy storage capacity allocation scheme and NSGA is of a lower total investment cost， and higher power-supply reliability and energy utilization rate. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application and development of CO2 transcritical cycle heat pumps LI Minxia, HOU Beiran, WANG Pai, DONG Liwei, TIAN Hua Integrated Intelligent Energy    2023, 45 (4): 12-18.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2023.04.002 Abstract （475）   HTML （17）    PDF （1546KB）（1371）       Knowledge map    Under the background of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality，the application of heat pumps with natural working medium CO2 as refrigerant is more in line with the new requirements of green development and environmental protection.Comparing the status of overseas and domestic researches on CO2 heat pumps in different scenarios，it is found out that CO2 emissions from a CO2 heat pump water heater is 40% lower than that from a traditional electric water heater.The most prominent advantage of a CO2 heat pumps is the significant temperature rise which leads to high working efficiency.In low outdoor temperatures，CO2 heat pumps can satisfy the hot water demands of users along railways and in rural areas of northern China with high annual energy efficiency ratios. CO2 on-board air conditioners have been developed and basically into mass production.Compared with a traditional electric dryer，a CO2 heat pump dryer can save energy by 55% at most.CO2 heat pump technology will be a hot spot in the future research on environmental protection and low-carbon technologies， and will play a key role in China's "dual carbon" target. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application and research progress of molten salt heat storage technology ZHANG Zhongping, LIU Heng, XIE Yurong, ZHAO Dazhou, MOU Min, CHEN Qiao Integrated Intelligent Energy    2023, 45 (9): 40-47.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2023.09.006 Abstract （974）   HTML （42）    PDF （2330KB）（1367）       Knowledge map    Molten salt heat storage is a key technology for constructing future neo power systems.Since molten salt，an ideal heat storage medium，is of low viscosity，low steam pressure，high stability，high heat storage density，molten salt heat storage technology can be widely used in solar thermal power generation， thermal power peak and frequency regulation，heating，and waste heat recovery and utilization.However，current researches about this technology mainly focus on its employment in solar photothermal power generation，while its applications in other scenarios are insufficient in study.Under different application scenarios，the working temperature range，heating mode，selection of key components and design of working flow of a molten salt heat storage system are different.The advantages，characteristics and key technologies of molten salt heat storage technology are expounded，the research progress and the latest demonstration projects under different scenarios are listed，and the key problems subjected to further research are analyzed.Finally，future development trend and target of this technology are proposed. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress and prospect of compressed air energy storage technology WAN Mingzhong, WANG Yuanyuan, LI Jun, LU Yuanwei, ZHAO Tian, WU Yuting Integrated Intelligent Energy    2023, 45 (9): 26-31.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2023.09.004 Abstract （880）   HTML （28）    PDF （1004KB）（1343）       Knowledge map    Energy storage is the key technology to achieve the initiative of "reaching carbon peak in 2030 and carbon neutrality in 2060".Since compressed air energy storage has the advantages of large energy storage capacity， high system efficiency， and long operating life，it is a technology suitable for promotion in large-scale electric energy storage projects， and also an important means of large-scale renewable energy consumption on grid side. The development process， working principles， research statuses and challenges of compressed air energy storage systems in different forms are comprehensively expounded， and the development trend of compressed air energy storage technology is analysed from the perspective of compressed heat storage， providing references for the design for the future systems. The research results show that with the development of high-temperature heat storage technologies， high temperature adiabatic compressed air energy storage technology has become a research hotspot in this field because of its extraordinary working efficiency. Taking the molten salt with low melting point as the heat storage medium of a compressed air energy storage system to store the heat from the high-temperature compressor， can reduce the storage temperature of compressed water and the initial investment cost of the compressed air energy storage system significantly. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Classification and characteristic analysis of adjustable resources on the user side ZHENG Qingrong, LU Yingjie, XIANG Jiani, CHEN Yuyang, GONG Feixiang, YUAN Jindou, WU Yingjun Integrated Intelligent Energy    2022, 44 (11): 50-55.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2022.11.007 Abstract （476）   HTML （18）    PDF （933KB）（1244）       Knowledge map    Since the rapid growth of load has posed a huge challenge to the stability of the power system， supply-side regulation and control capabilities of traditional methods have gradually been weakened. Therefore， demand response， as an important means to alleviate the imbalance between supply and demand during power peak periods， has received increasing attention. Demand response can improve the stability of the grid by scheduling the adjustable loads on demand sides and reducing partial load capacity in peak load periods. Therefore， it is of great significance to study adjustable resources on load sides. Based on the existing researches on user-side load classification， a classification method for user-side resources according to their energy supply and consumption attributes is proposed. By analyzing the typical loads of different energy supply and consumption attributes and their characteristics， a resource library of loads with different attributes has been established， which lays a foundation for in-depth research on demand response. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Review on situational awareness technology in a low-carbon oriented new power system GE Leijiao, CUI Qingxue, LI Mingwei, LIU Zifa, XIA Mingchao Integrated Intelligent Energy    2023, 45 (1): 1-13.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2023.01.001 Abstract （444）   HTML （20）    PDF （1821KB）（1218）       Knowledge map    Constructing a new energy oriented power system is not only an important direction for the power system transformation and upgrading in China，but also a key means to achieve the goals of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality. The way of adapting situational awareness technology to diverse and differentiated scenarios has become the breakthrough point of the reliable，safe，high-quality，low-carbon and economic operation of the new power system. Typical features and main problems of the new power system are analysis from four aspects， source， network， load and energy storage. Then， to achieve the low-carbon and economic operation of the new power grid， key points in three application phases of situational awareness technology in the power grid which are situational perception， situational understanding and situational forecast are expounded. In the end， application and prospects of the situational awareness technology in the low-carbon oriented new power system are elaborated by taking the characteristics of low-carbon and economic operation of the new power system into consideration， which provides reference for the construction and operation of subsequent new power systems. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis on development and key technologies of integrated intelligent energy in the context of carbon neutrality TENG Jialun, LI Hongzhong Integrated Intelligent Energy    2023, 45 (8): 53-63.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2023.08.007 Abstract （575）   HTML （28）    PDF （1233KB）（1154）       Knowledge map    Integrated intelligent energy is an energy system that can achieve intelligent, efficient, green and safe energy production, transmission, storage, consumption and management by integrating information and communication technology, energy, intelligent manufacturing and other technical means. It is not only a technological revolution，but also a revolution in energy industry，transforming traditional energy systems into intelligent，integrated and green systems.Relying on energy data collection，transmission and processing，an integrated intelligent energy system can optimized energy allocation and manage energy precisely，thereby achieving sustainable development.In the analysis on the key technologies and development direction of integrated intelligent energy under the background of carbon neutrality，the development status of integrated intelligent energy at home and abroad is introduced，then its connotations and technical architecture are elaborated.The key technologies can be sorted into six groups：energy production，energy transmission，energy storage，energy consumption，intelligent energy and multi-energy synergistic optimization.According to the core issues of each technology pointed out in the analysis，four suggestions are put forward：promoting the construction of intelligent power market，enhancing energy data management capabilities，boosting the power supply business on user end，and developing core technologies and equipment independently in China. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of situational awareness technology in the safe and stable operation of new power systems LI Hua, LU Mingxuan, TONG Yongji, ZHONG Chongfei Integrated Intelligent Energy    2023, 45 (3): 24-33.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2023.03.004 Abstract （294）   HTML （12）    PDF （1065KB）（1015）       Knowledge map    Under the "dual carbon" target， the new power system with high proportion of renewable energy is becoming more intelligent， and the applications of phase measurement units （PMU）， wide area metering systems （WAMS） and supervisory control and data acquisition （SCADA） technology get wider. Meanwhile， the safe and stable operation of new power systems is under great challenges. Situational awareness technology can make power system operation visible and controllable. The mapping and classification of situational awareness technology in power systems under the architecture of "perception-understanding-prediction" is introduced， and the new problems imposed to the safe and stable operation of new power systems are analysed. The research status and application of situational awareness technology in source-load prediction， safe and stable operation and real-time operation state analysis are summarized， which provides references for subsequent researches. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Key technologies and construction practices of virtual power plants LIU Jian, LIU Yuxin, ZHUANG Hanyu Integrated Intelligent Energy    2023, 45 (6): 59-65.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2023.06.008 Abstract （526）   HTML （18）    PDF （1216KB）（983）       Knowledge map    In the context of pursuing dual carbon target and constructing a new power system with new energy as the main body， the virtual power plant has become an important component of smart grid and Energy Internet due to its flexibility and effectiveness in managing distributed energy resources. The virtual power plant integrates distributed energy resources （including adjustable load，interruptible load and energy storage）through controlling，metering，communication and optimization technologies，and realizes smooth interactions and optimized operation of source，network，load and storage，which is conducive to the rational and optimal allocation and utilization of resources. The structure，network topology，control strategy and key technologies of the virtual power plant accessed to the power dispatching system are introduced，and the problems in protection configuration，information communication and intelligent terminals are discussed.The improvement measures put forward provide a reference for similar projects. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Diverse modeling methods for energy hubs in integrated energy systems and their typical applications LI Yizhe, WANG Dan, JIA Hongjie, ZHOU Tianshuo, CAO Yitao, ZHANG Shuai, LIU Jiawei Integrated Intelligent Energy    2023, 45 (7): 22-29.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2023.07.003 Abstract （270）   HTML （3）    PDF （1429KB）（980）       Knowledge map    Under the background of "dual carbon"， the planning and operation of an integrated energy system （IES） is faced with new requirements on various evaluation indicators， such as effective energy utilization rate， energy unavailability and carbon emission level. In this context， selecting appropriate analytical elements and establishing their mechanism models has become an important task in IES research. An energy hub plays a key role in energy transmission and conversion in an IES， determining the distribution of energy and profoundly affecting the energy supply of the system from the perspective of multidimensional evaluation. Therefore， how to construct a multi-element model of an energy hub has become a key issue in IES analysis. The modeling methods of energy hubs with four modeling elements are analyzed， and their mechanisms and the applicability to match the development of energy systems are studied. The study provides references for following theoretical researches and practical applications. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Overview on the characteristics,connotation and development status of virtual power plants in China ZHONG Yongjie, JI Ling, LI Jingxia, JIANG Yanjun, WU Shiwei, WANG Zidong Integrated Intelligent Energy    2022, 44 (6): 25-36.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2022.06.003 Abstract （643）   HTML （55）    PDF （3654KB）（961）       Knowledge map    To achieve the "30·60" goal,virtual power plants have been taken as an important measure to construct a new power system and complete energy transformation. It is also the development direction for the safe and efficient utilization of new energy. The connotation and overall characteristics of virtual power plants are introduced. And against the backdrop of the status quo in China, the main business segments of a virtual power plant and its political environment are expounded. Given the existing cases home and abroad, the supporting elements including controllable resources,key technologies and market mechanism for the rapid development of virtual power plants are summarized. Then, the problems in the promotion of virtual power plants in China are summarized based on the three development phases. Based on the understanding on the connotation and basic characteristics,it is believed that virtual power plants are promising in integrated application with digitalization,intelligentization,cloud sharing,artificial intelligence,big data,Internet of Things and other technologies. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Design of the CHP system integrated with SOFC LUO Liqi, WANG Yue, ZHONG Haijun, LI Qingxun, XIE Guangyuan, WANG Shaorong Integrated Intelligent Energy    2022, 44 (8): 25-32.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2022.08.002 Abstract （311）   HTML （7）    PDF （1057KB）（961）       Knowledge map    The software Aspen Plus is taken to simulate a combined heating and power system integrated with solid oxide fuel cells（SOFC-CHP）. Taking a 1 kW SOFC-CHP system as an example,the simulation method can make quick judgement on the heat and power supply situations of the system with different fuels and under various load requirements. The test results show that in the ideal condition,the power generation efficiency of the SOFC can reach 51%,the thermal efficiency can peak at 42%,and the emitted CO2 mole fraction can be 70%. This method can greatly shorten the calculation time and facilitate the efficiency improvement of the system. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Anomalous data detection methods for new power systems WANG Liang, DENG Song Integrated Intelligent Energy    2024, 46 (5): 12-19.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2024.05.002 Abstract （289）   HTML （10）    PDF （1719KB）（923）       Knowledge map    With the rapid development of new power systems， massive data with various types are generated from the power systems. The complicated data conditions bring new challenges to anomaly data detection for power systems. In a summary on commonly used methods for anomalous power data in detecting， traditional technology-based， machine learning-based and deep learning-based detection methods are introduces. The working principle， characteristics and shortcomings of the three types of detecting methods are analysed. In the end， the challenges and development trends of anomalous data detection in new power systems are looked forward. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on security and privacy protection of electric power data sharing XING Huidi, GONG Gangjun, ZHAI Mingyue, LIU Xuesong, WANG Haomiao, YANG Shuang Integrated Intelligent Energy    2024, 46 (5): 30-40.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2024.05.004 Abstract （346）   HTML （10）    PDF （1839KB）（861）       Knowledge map    Electric power data can reflect the development status of society and is promising in the opening and integrated applications. In order to create and release the value of power data， power companies need to build a data sharing service system for all industries. However， there are security issues such as privacy leakage， data tampering and shortage of data security aggregation method in the process of power data sharing. At present， there are three main technologies that can deal with the security problems above， blockchain， privacy computing and desensitization. Based on reviews on relevant literatures， a demand model for and privacy data protection in power data sharing is proposed. The three security and privacy protection technologies for electric power data sharing are summarized，and their integration and applications in different scenarios are comparatively analyzed. Different security and privacy protection schemes provide references for promoting electric power data opening and sharing. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application and prospect of multimodal knowledge graph in electric power operation inspection LIN Jiajun, YAN Weidan, HU Junhua, ZHENG Yiming, SHAO Xianjun, GUO Bingyan Integrated Intelligent Energy    2024, 46 (1): 65-74.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2024.01.008 Abstract （288）   HTML （18）    PDF （3326KB）（848）       Knowledge map    In the context of building a new power system with new energy as the main body，knowledge graph（KG），a large-scale visual semantic network，is expanding its applications rapidly in power operation and inspection. The applications of KG in power operation and inspection mainly focus on semantic information processing. However，a large amount of heterogeneous data will be generated in power grid operation，being able to uphold the construction of multimodal knowledge graph（MMKG） which provides data support for various downstream tasks. In view of functional requirements on electric power inspection， MMKG is introduced to support the intelligent query answering system and fault handling. Expounding the construction technology of MMKG for power inspection data，the scenarios of power operation and inspection that MMKG can give full play in are summarized，and the development direction is forecasted. Finally，the challenges that will be faced by MMKG is analyzed comprehensively，which provides a reference for the development of intelligent power operation and inspection. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Feasibility analysis on methane production by CO2 hydrogenation in China CHEN Yong, SU Junhua, WANG Yang Integrated Intelligent Energy    2022, 44 (6): 86-90.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2022.06.010 Abstract （427）   HTML （30）    PDF （985KB）（838）       Knowledge map    The vigorous implementation of CO2 emission reduction and renewable energy draws forth the market of methane production by CO2 hydrogenation.The technical route of CO2 hydrogenation to CH4 was described from hydrogen sources,CO2 sources,methanation reaction catalysts and reactors,and the application prospect and economy of this technology were analyzed.Storage and transit of renewable energy is an important pillar of integrated energy systems,capturing CO2 by abandoned PV and wind power can facilitate the realization of carbon neutrality.The generated CH4 is a supplement of natural gas in pipelines nearby,which greatly saves the cost of energy storage and transportation and improves energy utilization efficiency.If there is a raise in CO2 trading price and a drop in price of renewable energy,methane production by CO2 hydrogenation will embrace a promising future in China. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics