生物质预处理催化热解制备液体燃料研究进展

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2024.03.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着能源需求的不断增长和环境问题的日益突出，生物质催化热解制备液体燃料技术成为一种可持续发展的能源利用方式。生物质直接热解生成的生物油成分复杂、热值低、含氧量高、酸性强，制约了生物油的应用。从热解机理、生物质预处理、催化剂和预处理和催化耦合技术等方面综述了影响生物油品质的主要因素。指出预处理技术普遍存在时间长的缺点，使用催化剂会导致生物油产率的降低，而预处理和催化耦合技术有望突破这2项技术难点；生物质快速热解定向制备富烃生物油、催化剂的选择与优化、预处理和催化耦合技术将是生物质快速热解制备高品质液体燃料的主要研究方向。

关键词: 新能源, 生物质, 催化热解, 催化剂, 液体燃料, 预处理, 催化剂, 富烃生物油

Abstract:

With the increasingly growing demand on energy and prominent environmental crisis，catalytic pyrolysis of pretreated biomass has become a decent technical rout for the preparation of liquid fuels， a sustainable resource. However， the bio-oil generated from the direct pyrolysis of biomass has a complex composition， low calorific value， high oxygen content and strong acidity， which restricts its application. Thus， the main factors affecting the quality of bio-oil are analyzed from the pyrolysis mechanism， biomass pretreatment， catalyst selection and the coupling of pretreatment and catalytic pyrolysis. Pretreatment process will prolong the preparation time， and catalyst will lower the production of bio-oil. The coupling technology is a promising solution to the difficulties mentioned. To prepare high-quality liquid fuels by biomass pyrolysis rapidly， the following researches should target on how to make directional preparation on hydrocarbon-rich bio-oil by biomass pyrolysis， select and optimize the catalysts， and couple the pretreatment process with catalytic pyrolysis.

Key words: new energy, biomass, catalytic pyrolysis, catalyzer, liquid fuel, pretreatment, catalyst, hydrocarbon-rich bio-oil

中图分类号:

TK01

苏盼盼, 王学涛, 邢利利, 李浩杰, 刘梦杰. 生物质预处理催化热解制备液体燃料研究进展[J]. 综合智慧能源, 2024, 46(3): 1-11.

SU Panpan, WANG Xuetao, XING Lili, LI Haojie, LIU Mengjie. Research progress on preparation of liquid fuels by catalytic pyrolysis of pretreated biomass[J]. Integrated Intelligent Energy, 2024, 46(3): 1-11.

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原料	催化剂	预处理条件	热解条件	主要结论
碱木质素	H₃PO₄	盐酸，50 ℃，60 min	550 ℃，催化剂与木质素的质量比为0.7	苯酚质量浓度较未处理的提高了将近11倍(从0.6 mg/mL增加到7.0 mg/mL)^[72]
松木	HZSM-5	醋酸，30 ℃ ，4 h 烘焙，260 ℃	500 ℃，催化剂与松木的质量比为6∶1	酸浸预处理提高了左旋葡聚糖的含量，烘焙预处理提高了儿茶酚类的含量，催化温度的升高和催化剂负载量的增加均促进了芳香烃的生成^[73]
稻壳	ZSM-5	酸浸醋酸，2 h 烘焙，210，240，270 ℃	550 ℃，催化剂与松木的质量比为19∶1	耦合浸出和烘焙进一步提高了生物油中苯、甲苯和二甲苯 (BTX)化合物的相对含量^[74]
芒草	ZSM-5	烘焙脱氧，280 ℃	600 ℃	芳烃质量分数最高可达66.29%，生物BTX的选择性随着焙烧温度的升高而提高^[75]
松木	HZSM-5	烘焙，220，250，280 ℃	550 ℃，15 min	芳烃含量进一步提高，随着反应温度的升高，生物油产率下降，生物炭产率增加^[76]
南松	HZSM-5	烘焙，150，175，200，225 ℃	40~900 ℃，木质素与催化剂的质量比为1∶4	烘焙对木质素产生负面影响，使得生物油中的芳烃产率下降^[77]