考虑电动汽车公平性的虚拟电厂优化运行策略

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2025.01.009

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对虚拟电厂（VPP）中电动汽车（EV）调度意愿较弱、响应功率较低所表现出的公平性考虑不足问题，提出了一种考虑EV公平性的VPP优化调度策略。为有效解决上述问题，建立了VPP与EV集群的双层优化模型，上层的VPP模型中包含了风电、光伏、燃气轮机、储能和用户单元，下层的EV集群模型中，引入了激励价格与EV价格，两者共同作用于用户响应意愿的影响机制。以VPP的运行收益最大化为目标，并基于用户的区间划分情况生成各类EV用户的激励价格，以此提高用户的调度参与度。在下层优化中，每个EV用户基于激励价格的吸引和自身经济考虑，决定是否参与VPP的调度响应，并对响应功率做出决策。基于强对偶卡罗需-库恩-塔克（KKT）条件和大M法求解双层优化问题。仿真结果表明该策略效果良好。

关键词: 虚拟电厂, 电动汽车, 公平性, EV价格区间划分, 差异化激励价格

Abstract:

To address the issue of insufficient consideration of fairness in weak scheduling willingness and low response power of electric vehicles（EVs）in virtual power plant（VPP），an optimal scheduling strategy for VPP considering fairness of EVs was proposed. To effectively resolve the issue，a bi-level optimization model was established for the VPP and the EV clusters. The upper-level VPP model included wind power，photovoltaic（PV）power，gas turbines，energy storage，and user units. In the lower-level EV cluster model，an influence mechanism was introduced to account for the combined effect of incentive prices and EV prices on the users willingness to respond. Aiming to maximize the operating revenue of the VPP，the incentive prices for various EV users were generated based on the users' interval division to improve their participation in scheduling. In the lower-level optimization，each EV user decided whether to participate in the VPP's scheduling response and determined the response power based on the attractiveness of the incentive prices and their own economic considerations. The bi-level optimization problem was then solved based on the KKT conditions and the Big method. Simulations verified the effectiveness of the proposed strategy.

Key words: virtual power plant, electric vehicles, fairness, EV price range classification, differential incentive pricing

中图分类号:

TK73

李明, 胡楠, 刘鑫蕊. 考虑电动汽车公平性的虚拟电厂优化运行策略[J]. 综合智慧能源, 2025, 47(1): 70-78.

LI Ming, HU Nan, LIU Xinrui. Optimal operation strategy of virtual power plants considering fairness for electric vehicles[J]. Integrated Intelligent Energy, 2025, 47(1): 70-78.

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算例	VPP运行收益	EV集群成本
1	13 512	3 909
2	15 052	4 521
3	15 339	4 622