基于V2B技术的智能楼宇分布式能源管理策略

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2025.11.003

综合智慧能源 ›› 2025, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (11): 24-35.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2025.11.003

• 灵活资源调控与协同优化 • 上一篇下一篇

基于V2B技术的智能楼宇分布式能源管理策略

刘子腾¹^,²(), 赵建立¹^,²(), 陶伟健³(), 沈聪³(), 艾芊³^,^*()

1.国网上海市电力公司，上海 200122
2.上海市智能电网需求响应重点实验室，上海 200063
3.上海交通大学电气工程系，上海 200240

收稿日期:2024-09-10 修回日期:2024-10-10 出版日期:2024-11-18
通讯作者: *艾芊（1969），男，教授，博士生导师，博士，从事虚拟电厂规划与运行、大数据与数字孪生等方面的研究，aiqian@sjtu.edu.cn。
作者简介:刘子腾（1996），女，助理工程师，硕士，从事电力负荷管理、需求响应、虚拟电厂等方面的研究，t627123563@163.com；
赵建立（1983），男，高级工程师，硕士，从事电力负荷管理、代理购电、负荷预测、虚拟电厂等方面的研究，zhao_1883@163.com；
陶伟健（1999），男，硕士生，从事需求响应、虚拟电厂等方面的研究，twj5817@mail.shiep.edu.cn；
沈聪（2000），男，硕士生，从事需求响应、虚拟电厂等方面的研究，15988556439@163.com。
基金资助:
国网上海市电力公司科技项目(52090D240004)

Distributed energy management strategy for smart buildings based on V2B technology

LIU Ziteng¹^,²(), ZHAO Jianli¹^,²(), TAO Weijian³(), SHEN Cong³(), AI Qian³^,^*()

1. State Grid Shanghai Electric Power Company， Shanghai 200122， China
2. Shanghai Smart Grid Demand Response Key Laboratory， Shanghai 200063， China
3. Department of Electrical Engineering， Shanghai Jiao Tong University， Shanghai 200240， China

Received:2024-09-10 Revised:2024-10-10 Published:2024-11-18
Supported by:
State Grid Shanghai Electric Power Company Science and Technology Project(52090D240004)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在传统的楼宇能源管理策略中，单一的供需调节机制难以在提高能源效率和降低碳排放之间找到平衡点。电动汽车到办公楼宇（V2B）技术作为一种新兴的能源管理模式，将电动汽车纳入智能楼宇能源管理系统，通过充放电控制优化楼宇的能源利用。提出了一种包含电碳双重激励机制的V2B智能楼宇能量管理策略，该策略通过引导电动汽车参与碳交易市场，设计附加碳导向的自适应分时电价模型，综合考虑楼宇的蓄热特性和碳排放等因素，构建包含光伏、风电、燃气轮机、电制冷机等设备的智能楼宇能量管理模型。仿真结果表明，该策略能够有效提高能源利用效率并减少碳排放。

关键词: 智能楼宇能源管理系统, V2B技术, 能量管理, 自适应分时电价, 碳交易, 碳排放, 电动汽车

Abstract:

In traditional building energy management strategies， a single supply-demand adjustment mechanism struggles to balance energy efficiency improvement with carbon emission reduction. Vehicle-to-building （V2B） technology， an emerging energy management model， integrates electric vehicles into the smart building energy management system and optimizes building energy utilization through charging and discharging control. In this study， a V2B-based smart building energy management strategy was proposed that incorporated a dual incentive mechanism for electricity and carbon. The strategy guided electric vehicles to participate in the carbon trading market and designed an additional carbon-oriented adaptive time-of-use pricing model. The model comprehensively considered factors such as building heat storage characteristics and carbon emissions. It constructed a smart building energy management framework that included devices such as photovoltaics， wind power， gas turbines， and electric chillers. Simulation results demonstrated that the strategy effectively improved energy utilization efficiency and reduced carbon emissions.

Key words: smart building energy management system, V2B technology, energy management, adaptive time-of-use pricing, carbon trading, carbon emissions, electric vehicles

中图分类号:

TK01：TU201.5

刘子腾, 赵建立, 陶伟健, 沈聪, 艾芊. 基于V2B技术的智能楼宇分布式能源管理策略[J]. 综合智慧能源, 2025, 47(11): 24-35.

LIU Ziteng, ZHAO Jianli, TAO Weijian, SHEN Cong, AI Qian. Distributed energy management strategy for smart buildings based on V2B technology[J]. Integrated Intelligent Energy, 2025, 47(11): 24-35.

图/表 10

图1

表1

SBEMS模型参数

参数	数值	参数	数值
$D u n i t E V$ /[km·（kW·h）^-1]	5	$t m a x$ /℃	25
$E t i$ /[kg·（kW·h）^-1]	0.838 6	$P m a x E C$ /kW	300
$E u n i t I C V$ /(kg·km^-1)	0.561	$P m i n E C$ /kW	0
$α 0$	0.56	$P m a x E V, c h$ /kW	7.5
$β 0$	0.56	$P m a x E V, d i s$ /kW	7.5
$α$	0.25	$E m a x E V$ /（kW·h）	25.0
$β$	0.25	$E m i n E V$ /（kW·h）	2.5
$p b$ /（元·kg^-1）	0.267	$η c h$	0.88
$L 1$ /kW	100	$η d i s$	0.88
$L 2$ /kW	100	$A w a l l$ /m²	1 000
$p 0$ /[元·（kW·h）^-1]	0.45	$A w i n$ /m²	450
$p c b$ /(元·kg^-1)	0.30	$K w a l l$ /[W·（m²·K）^-1]	1.092
$α 0'$	0.20	$K w i n$ /[W·（m²·K）^-1]	2.800
$β 0'$	0.20	$P m a x M T$ /kW	500
$λ$	0.1	$P m i n M T$ /kW	0
$η s o l a r$	0.45	$Δ P m a x M T$ /(kW·h^-1)	55
$t m i n$ /℃	23	$Δ P m i n M T$ /(kW·h^-1)	55

表1

图2

表2

图3

图4

图5

图6

图7

图8

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场景	购电成本/元	碳交易成本/元	充电成本/元	惩罚成本/元	光伏消纳率/%	风电消纳率/%	碳排放量/kg
1	6 926.99		426.26	0	72.47	70.57	3 256.32
2	6 411.52	523.47	265.00	56.24	77.94	77.96	2 863.55
3	5 830.02	455.37	210.35	32.15	90.92	83.70	2 045.35
4	5 601.05	336.59	-353.87	6.67	94.99	92.89	1 240.87

基于V2B技术的智能楼宇分布式能源管理策略

Distributed energy management strategy for smart buildings based on V2B technology

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