绿证-电-碳耦合市场下计及需求响应与租赁共享储能的VPP鲁棒优化调度策略

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2025.05.004

综合智慧能源 ›› 2025, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (5): 31-40.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2025.05.004

• 电-碳-证市场耦合下系统优化 • 上一篇下一篇

绿证-电-碳耦合市场下计及需求响应与租赁共享储能的VPP鲁棒优化调度策略

张文博^a^,^b(), 秦文萍^a^,^b^,^*(), 刘佳昕^a^,^b(), 陈玉梅^a^,^b(), 刘博洋^a^,^b(), 赵桉霆^a^,^b()

a.太原理工大学电力系统运行与控制山西省重点实验室，太原 030024
b.太原理工大学煤电清洁智能控制教育部重点实验室，太原 030024

收稿日期:2024-08-21 修回日期:2024-09-13 出版日期:2025-05-25
通讯作者: *秦文萍（1972），女，教授，博士生导师，博士，从事新型电力系统稳定性、可靠性分析，微机保护和电力市场等方面的研究，qinwenping@tyut.edu.cn。
作者简介:张文博（2000），男，硕士生，从事电力市场和虚拟电厂等方面的研究，215240467@qq.com；
刘佳昕（1998），男，硕士生，从事配电网韧性提升方面的研究，601587081@qq.com；
陈玉梅（2000），女，硕士生，从事可再生能源并网、电力系统调度与优化等方面的研究，hbdlchen_yumei@163.com；
刘博洋（2000），女，硕士生，从事电力市场和综合能源等方面的研究，1980693151@qq.com；
赵桉霆（2000），女，硕士生，从事配电网和虚拟电厂等方面的研究，1277147206@qq.com。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(U23A20649)

Robust optimization scheduling strategy for virtual power plants considering demand response and leasing shared energy storage under the green certificate-electricity- carbon coupled market

ZHANG Wenbo^a^,^b(), QIN Wenping^a^,^b^,^*(), LIU Jiaxin^a^,^b(), CHEN Yumei^a^,^b(), LIU Boyang^a^,^b(), ZHAO Anting^a^,^b()

a. Shanxi Key Laboratory of Power System Operation and Control，Taiyuan University of Technology， Taiyuan 030024， China
b. Key Laboratory of Clean and Intelligent Control of Coal Power， Ministry of Education，Taiyuan University of Technology， Taiyuan 030024， China

Received:2024-08-21 Revised:2024-09-13 Published:2025-05-25
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(U23A20649)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

虚拟电厂（VPP）是能源管理优化、绿色低碳运行的重点，随着VPP在绿色电力证书（绿证）、碳排放权交易（碳交易）市场参与程度的不断加深，分布式新能源波动及新型商业模式对VPP优化调度策略及交易策略产生极大影响。为提高VPP整体收益并深度挖掘分布式资源调度潜力，提出了绿证-电-碳耦合市场下计及需求响应与租赁共享储能的虚拟电厂鲁棒优化调度策略。首先，引入绿证-碳配额价格差异因子，构建绿证-电-碳耦合市场运行框架；其次，考虑需求响应下VPP与柔性负荷的利益均衡、储能的容量租赁模式，提出基于主从博弈的双层确定性优化调度模型，在此基础上，考虑风光出力波动情况，提出计及风光不确定性的两阶段鲁棒优化模型；最后，采用KKT条件与列约束生成算法对模型进行求解。仿真结果表明，该策略能有效应对风光不确定性，通过绿证-电-碳耦合市场、需求响应与租赁共享储能模式，进一步挖掘分布式资源调度潜力，提高VPP的综合收益。

关键词: 虚拟电厂, 分布式新能源, 绿色电力证书, 碳排放权交易, 绿证-电-碳耦合市场, 需求响应, 租赁共享储能, 柔性负荷, 主从博弈, 鲁棒优化

Abstract:

The Virtual Power Plant （VPP） is a key focus for energy management optimization and green， low-carbon operations. With the increasing participation of VPPs in green certificate and carbon trading markets， the volatility of distributed renewable energy and emerging business models have a significant impact on VPPs' optimization scheduling and trading strategies. To enhance the overall profitability of VPPs and further explore the scheduling potential of distributed resources， this paper proposed a robust optimization scheduling strategy for VPPs considering demand response and leasing shared energy storage in the green certificate-electricity-carbon coupled market. First， a price difference factor between green certificates and carbon quotas was introduced， and a coupled market operation framework was constructed. Second， considering the interest balance between VPPs and flexible loads under demand response， as well as the capacity leasing model of energy storage， a two-layer deterministic optimization scheduling model based on a leader-follower game was proposed. On this basis， a two-stage robust optimization model was further developed to account for the uncertainties of wind and photovoltaic power generation. Finally， the KKT conditions and column-and-constraint generation algorithm were applied to solve the model. Simulation results showed that the proposed strategy effectively addressed the uncertainties of wind and photovoltaic power， and through the integration of the green certificate-electricity-carbon coupled market， demand response， and leasing shared energy storage model， the potential for distributed resource scheduling was further explored， significantly enhancing the overall profitability of VPPs.

Key words: virtual power plant, distributed renewable energy, green certificate, carbon trading, green certificate-electricity-carbon coupled market, demand response, leasing shared energy storage, flexible load, leader-follower game, robust optimization

中图分类号:

TK01：TM73

张文博, 秦文萍, 刘佳昕, 陈玉梅, 刘博洋, 赵桉霆. 绿证-电-碳耦合市场下计及需求响应与租赁共享储能的VPP鲁棒优化调度策略[J]. 综合智慧能源, 2025, 47(5): 31-40.

ZHANG Wenbo, QIN Wenping, LIU Jiaxin, CHEN Yumei, LIU Boyang, ZHAO Anting. Robust optimization scheduling strategy for virtual power plants considering demand response and leasing shared energy storage under the green certificate-electricity- carbon coupled market[J]. Integrated Intelligent Energy, 2025, 47(5): 31-40.

图/表 16

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项目	数值	范围
绿证交易价格/(元·个^-1)	50
可再生能源消纳权责比例	0.1
碳配额交易价格/(元·kg^-1)	57
碳排放配额/[kg·(kW·h)^-1]	0.392
碳排放因子/[kg·(kW·h)^-1]	0.841
调频补偿/[元·(kW·h)^-1]	0.75
弃风光惩罚成本/[元·(kW·h)^-1]		1.50倍日前电价
租赁价格/[元·(kW·d)^-1]	0.27
需求响应电价/[元·(kW·h)^-1]		0.95~1.05倍日前电价
FL功率/kW		0.95~1.05倍初始负荷
GT发电功率/kW		1 000~3 000
GT爬坡功率/kW		-600~600
GT发电成本/[元·(kW·h)^-1]	0.25
ES充放电功率/kW		0~500
ES电量/（kW·h）	1 800	300~3 000
ES调频容量/kW		0~50
ES充放电成本/[元·(kW·h)^-1]	0.10
LES租赁容量比例		0~1
M	1.0×10⁴

向上波动/次	向下波动/次	VPP市场收益/元
0	0	4 814
1	1	4 745
2	2	4 680
3	3	4 614
4	4	4 560
5	5	4 509

向上波动/次	向下波动/次	容量租赁比例/%
2	2	16.51
3	3	24.68
4	4	32.01

绿证-电-碳耦合市场下计及需求响应与租赁共享储能的VPP鲁棒优化调度策略

Robust optimization scheduling strategy for virtual power plants considering demand response and leasing shared energy storage under the green certificate-electricity- carbon coupled market

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