压缩空气储能发展现状与分析

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2026.05.003

综合智慧能源 ›› 2026, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (5): 19-30.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2026.05.003

压缩空气储能发展现状与分析

王海^a^,^b(), 刘思雨^b(), 张馨月^b(), 刘思琦^b(), 唐可溶^b(), 梁栩赫^b(), 布和巴特尔^a^,^b^,^*()

东北石油大学 a.环渤海能源研究院；b.秦皇岛校区，河北，秦皇岛 066004

收稿日期:2025-10-23 修回日期:2026-01-05 出版日期:2026-05-25
通讯作者: *布和巴特尔（1976），男，教授，博士生导师，博士，从事电力系统装备关键零部件磁力密封方面的研究，bateerbuhe@163.com。
作者简介:王海（1990），男，副教授，硕士生导师，博士，从事清洁能源装备设计和绿色摩擦学方面的研究，wh4019@nepu.edu.cn；
刘思雨（2006），女，从事碳储科学方面的研究，1719286173@qq.com；
张馨月（2006），女，从事碳储科学方面的研究，1183252531@qq.com；
刘思琦（2006），女，从事碳储科学方面的研究，359751520@qq.com；
唐可溶（2006），女，从事碳储科学方面的研究，2173910271@qq.com；
梁栩赫（2007），男，从事碳储科学方面的研究，13304618255@163.com。
基金资助:
河北省高等教育学会高等教育科学研究“十四五”规划课题(GJXH2024-303)

Development status and analysis of compressed air energy storage

WANG Hai^a^,^b(), LIU Siyu^b(), ZHANG Xinyue^b(), LIU Siqi^b(), TANG Kerong^b(), LIANG Xuhe^b(), BU Hebateer^a^,^b^,^*()

a.Bohai Rim Energy Research Institute；b.Qinhuangdao Campus，Northeast Petroleum University, Qinhuangdao 066004， China

Received:2025-10-23 Revised:2026-01-05 Published:2026-05-25
Supported by:
14th Five-Year Plan for Higher Education Scientific Research of Hebei Association of Higher Education(GJXH2024-303)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在全球碳减排、可持续发展和能源转型的关键历史时期，压缩空气储能（CAES）作为新型电力系统建设的关键支撑技术，迎来了爆发式发展阶段。各国均出台了支持CAES发展的优惠政策与激励措施。该技术具备储能周期灵活、效率高、响应速度快、安全环保等优点，既可以保障电网供电稳定、实现削峰填谷，也能够满足新时代特殊时期和场景下的应急能源需求。基于当前传统能源不可能被完全替代的现状，提出了与传统能源结合的CAES+1分布式能源系统方案。以需求匹配度、地理条件适应性、能源组合可行性、经济效益优势等作为选址评估要素，明确代表性选址区域。进一步分析CAES+1在我国布局的独特优势，即政策支持足、技术装备新、上下游产业链完整、算力支撑能力强、地理环境适配性高等。因此，我国CAES产业有望在全球行业发展中扮演领头羊角色。

关键词: 压缩空气储能, 分布式能源, 能源转型, 碳减排, 可持续发展

Abstract:

During the critical historical period of global carbon emission reduction， sustainable development， and energy transition， compressed air energy storage （CAES）， as a key supporting technology for the development of new-type power systems， is experiencing a phase of rapid expansion. Countries worldwide have introduced favorable policies and incentive measures to promote CAES development. This technology offers advantages such as flexible energy storage cycles， high efficiency， fast response， and safety and environmental friendliness. It can not only ensure grid power supply stability by peak shaving and valley filling， but also meet the emergency energy demands in special periods and scenarios in the new era. Given the current situation that traditional energy cannot be completely replaced， a distributed energy system solution termed as "CAES+1" is proposed， which integrates CAES with traditional energy. Representative site selection areas are identified based on criteria including demand matching， adaptability to geographical conditions， feasibility of energy combination， and economic benefits. Furthermore， the unique strengths of CAES+1 deployment in China are analyzed， such as robust policy support， advanced technical equipment， complete upstream and downstream industrial chains， strong computational power support capabilities， and high adaptability to geographical conditions. Therefore， China is poised to assume a pioneering role in the global advancement of CAES.

Key words: compressed air energy storage, distributed energy, energy transition, carbon emission reduction, sustainable development

中图分类号:

TK01：X701

王海, 刘思雨, 张馨月, 刘思琦, 唐可溶, 梁栩赫, 布和巴特尔. 压缩空气储能发展现状与分析[J]. 综合智慧能源, 2026, 48(5): 19-30.

WANG Hai, LIU Siyu, ZHANG Xinyue, LIU Siqi, TANG Kerong, LIANG Xuhe, BU Hebateer. Development status and analysis of compressed air energy storage[J]. Integrated Intelligent Energy, 2026, 48(5): 19-30.

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储能类型	排碳量	冷态启动到并网时间	关键限制因素	典型应用场景	案例
AA-CAES^[25]	运行时零排放	5 min	储气库预热、热循环优化	电网调峰、海上风电配套	金坛盐穴压缩空气储能国家试验示范项目^[33]
CAES	排碳量较高^[26]	数小时	储气库预热、热循环优化	电网调峰、海上风电配套	金坛盐穴压缩空气储能国家试验示范项目^[33]
锂离子电池（电化学）	运行时零排放，生产环节排碳量较高^[27]	100 ms级	低温性能、循环寿命	调频调峰、备用电源	乌兰察布90 MW/360 MW·h电化学加 10 MW/40 MW·h氢储能系统^[34]
液流电池（电化学）	运行时零排放，生产环节排碳量低^[28]	100 ms级	电解液循环速度、温度控制	长时储能、可再生能源	攀枝花100 MW/500 MW·h全钒液流储能电站^[35]
抽水蓄能^[29]	运行时零排放	min级	地理依赖、水流稳定性	电网削峰填谷	浙江天台抽水蓄能电站^[36]
飞轮储能^[30]	运行时零排放^[30]	ms级	能量密度低、自放电率高	短时调频、UPS电源	大同鼎轮能源30 MW飞轮储能项目^[37]
氢储能	通过电解水制取运行时零排放，依赖化石燃料制取时碳排放显著^[31]	s级	制氢效率低、设备复杂度高	跨季节储能、化工耦合^[32]	乌兰察布90 MW/360 MW·h电化学加10 MW/40 MW·h氢储能系统^[34]

储能技术	初始投资成本/ (美元·kW^-1)	核心成本构成	度电成本/ 美元·（kW·h）^-1
CAES	500~900	地下储气库、压缩机、涡轮机、热回收系统	0.10~0.18
抽水蓄能	1 200~2 000	水库建设、水轮机、输水管道	0.08~0.15
锂离子电池	250~400	电芯、电池管理系统、温控系统、储能变流器	0.12~0.22
液流电池	300~500	电解液、电堆、循环泵	0.15~0.25
氢储能	800~1 500	储氢材料、绝热容器	0.30~0.60

储能技术	运营成本	核心成本驱动因素
CAES	15~20	地下储气库维护、压缩机/涡轮机检修、热管理
抽水蓄能	10~20	水库/水道维护、水轮机磨损、环境监测
锂离子电池	25~40	电芯退化更换、电池管理系统升级、热管理系统耗能
液流电池	20~35	电解液补充、电堆维护、循环泵能耗
飞轮储能	5~20	轴承更换、真空系统维护、高转速机械损耗
氢储能	35~55	电解槽催化剂更换、储氢罐检测、运输能耗

压缩空气储能发展现状与分析

Development status and analysis of compressed air energy storage

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城市	综合指数	新能源企业聚集指数	新能源中小企业集聚指数	新能源投资热度集聚指数
深圳	87.6	86	95	82
上海	85.8	98	90	69
北京	82.1	98	85	63
武汉	81.2	73	85	86
常州	81.1	80	75	88
南京	81.0	73	85	85
苏州	79.6	83	85	71
广州	79.3	73	75	75
成都	78.6	77	77	84
合肥	78.6	73	75	88

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