综合智慧能源 ›› 2022, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (8): 91-96.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2022.08.010

• 技术交流 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于单层电堆形式的质子交换膜燃料电池仿真模拟研究及优化

胡翀(), 赵袁, 陈代芬*()   

  1. 江苏科技大学 能源与动力学院,江苏 镇江 212100
  • 收稿日期:2022-06-20 修回日期:2022-07-30 出版日期:2022-08-25 发布日期:2022-09-15
  • 通讯作者: 陈代芬
  • 作者简介:胡翀(1997),男,在读硕士研究生,从事燃料电池技术、新能源工程技术等方面的研究, hcspecial@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(22179054)

Simulation and optimization for the PEMFC based on single-cell stack structure

HU Chong(), ZHAO Yuan, RAZA Ali, CHEN Daifen*()   

  1. School of Energy and Power,Jiangsu University of Science and Technology,Zhenjiang 212100,China
  • Received:2022-06-20 Revised:2022-07-30 Online:2022-08-25 Published:2022-09-15
  • Contact: CHEN Daifen

摘要:

质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)由于其较高的发电效率和常温工作稳定性而被广泛关注。传统PEMFC由于电堆内部发电负载不均匀,容易发生“水淹”等问题。大多数研究基于在单电池层面上通过改变流场结构的方法优化PEMFC,但PEMFC工作时往往是组装电堆的形式。为此,设计带有竖直流道作为反应物进出口的单电池电堆结构,并提出一种新型的串联补偿流场,采用3个进气口,并具有首尾互相串联的3个流道,流道之间可以互相补偿反应物。使用ANSYS软件基于单层电堆层面进行仿真模拟研究,保证阳极是相同蛇形流场的情况下,阴极分别采用传统单流道蛇形流场和新型串联补偿流场,分析单层PEMFC电堆中多孔介质层(即扩散层(GDL)和催化层(CL))的电流密度、氧气质量分数、液态水饱和度、速度矢量和流道压力的分布规律。仿真结果表明:传统单流道蛇形流场单层PEMFC电堆中,整体管道压降较高,电流密度和氧气质量分数较高的区域集中在入口段,越靠近出口段分布越少;出口段液态水饱和度较高而速度矢量没有明显升高,液态水容易囤积在出口段;新型串联补偿流场,电流密度分布相对均匀,氧气质量分数有多个较高的区域,分布更加广泛,电化学反应更加充分,整体压降较低,在氧气质量分数较高的区域,速度矢量明显较高,促使氧气在多个流道间快速补充和扩散,整体液态水饱和度相对较低,出口段同样速度矢量较高,排水效果增强。

关键词: 质子交换膜燃料电池, 流场, 电堆, 结构, 仿真, 氢能

Abstract:

Proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs) attract extensive attention due to their high power-generation efficiency and working stability at normal temperatures. Traditional PEMFCs are vulnerable to flooding because of the uneven power generation loads among stacks. Most researches on PEMFC optimization are made by improving the flow field of a single cell, but PEMFCs are usually assembled in the form of stacks. Thus, a single-cell stack structure with a vertical channel as the inlet and outlet of reactants is designed, and a new series compensation flow field is proposed which has three air inlets and three flow channels connected in series. Reactants can compensate each other in the flow channel. A simulation study is conducted on the singe-layer PEMFC stack by ANSYS. On the premises that the anode adopts the same serpentine flow field and the cathode adopts the traditional single-channel serpentine flow field or the new series compensation flow field, the distributions of current density, oxygen mass fraction, liquid water saturation, velocity vector and flow channel pressure in the porous medium layers(GDL and CL) of the singe-layer PEMFC stack are analyzed. The simulation results show that the single-layer PEMFC stack in traditional single-channel serpentine flow field is of a higher overall channel pressure, and the closer it is to the inlet, the higher the current density and oxygen mass fraction are, and vice versa. The liquid water saturation around the outlet is relatively high and the velocity vector shows no significant increase as liquid water tends to hoard around the outlet. However, the current density distribution in the new series compensation flow field is relatively even, and there are multiple and extensive-distributed areas with high oxygen mass fractions. The electrochemical reaction is more sufficient and the overall pressure drop is lower. The velocity vector is significantly higher in the areas with higher oxygen mass fraction, which promotes the rapid compensation and diffusion of oxygen between flow channels. The overall liquid water saturation is relatively low. The high velocity vector around the outlet facilitates the drainage effect.

Key words: proton exchange membrane fuel cell, flow field, stack, structure, simulation, hydrogen energy

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