关键词: 近零能耗建筑, 光伏发电, 自然通风, 热泵, 节能减碳

Abstract: In the context of escalating global climate change, promoting building energy conservation and carbon reduction, and achieving zero-energy buildings are critical measures to address climate change and resource depletion. Substations are indispensable structures in the process of urbanization. Currently, heating systems in substations located in severely cold regions typically rely on energy-intensive electric heating. To address this, this paper leverages the surrounding environmental resources of the building to optimize the existing heating and cooling systems of substations, proposing reasonable methods for building energy conservation and carbon reduction. Using CFD methods, it was demonstrated that natural ventilation during the transitional season and summer can achieve dynamic load balance; the annual electricity generation of the solar photovoltaic system reaches 18.75 MWh; air-source heat pump heating saves 44.5% energy compared to electric heating; The photovoltaic-heat pump composite energy supply system achieves annual CO2 emissions reductions of 4.90 tons compared to traditional electric heating. The research findings validate the engineering feasibility of the photovoltaic power generation plus heat pump energy supply technology model for substation control buildings in severely cold regions, providing design insights for the near-zero carbon transformation of industrial buildings.

Key words: nearly zero-energy, photovoltaic power generation, natural ventilation, heat pump, energy conservation and carbon reduction