Experimental study on factors influencing flue gas emissions of gas engine-driven heat pumps

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2023.04.005

Abstract

Abstract:

With the popularization of gas engine-driven heat pumps, their emission standards are becoming more and more strict. Thus, the influences of gas consumption, excess air coefficient and engine speed on the flue gas emissions from gas engine-driven heat pumps under steady operation condition are studied in a flue gas emission experiment. The results show that the w（NO_x）and flue gas temperature show upward trends with the increase of natural gas consumption, while increasing excess air coefficient can reduce the w（NO_x）and keep the w（CO）at a low level. From the point of view of reducing pollutant emissions, the excess air coefficient should be kept at around 1.40. With the increase of engine speed, both w（NO_x） and w（CO） decrease at first and then increase with their minimum values occurring at a speed of 1 250 r/min or so, and the flue gas temperature shows a positive linear relationship with the engine speed.

Key words: gas engine-driven heat pump, flue gas emission, gas consumption, excess air coefficient, engine speed, emission reduction

CLC Number:

TK01：X511

MO Jihang, MIAO Yanshu, CHEN Changrui, ZHANG Xiaomeng, NI Long. Experimental study on factors influencing flue gas emissions of gas engine-driven heat pumps[J]. Integrated Intelligent Energy, 2023, 45(4): 35-40.

Figures/Tables 9

Fig.1

Table 1

Table 2

Table 3

Fig.2

Fig.3

Fig.4

Fig.5

Fig.6

References 18

[1]	周志强. 中国能源现状、发展趋势及对策[J]. 能源与环境, 2008(6): 9-10.
[2]	江婷, 赵雅姣. 基于燃气分布式的综合能源系统碳减排分析[J]. 综合智慧能源, 2022, 44(9): 27-32. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2022.09.004
	JIANG Ting, ZHAO Yajiao. Carbon emission reduction analysis for gas-based distributed integrated energy systems[J]. Integrated Intelligent Energy, 2022, 44(9): 27-32. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2022.09.004
[3]	郝红, 毛立功, 李媛. 太阳能燃气热泵供暖系统及余热回收分析[J]. 流体机械, 2015, 43 (12): 77-82.
	HAO Hong, MAO Ligong, LI Yuan. Waste heat recovery analysis of solar energy and gas heat pump heating system[J]. Fluid Machinery, 2015, 43(12): 77-82.
[4]	SAGAR S M V, AGARWAL A K. Knocking behavior and emission characteristics of a port fuel injected hydrogen enriched compressed natural gas fueled spark ignition engine[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2018, 141: 42-50. doi: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2018.05.102
[5]	TANGÖZ S, KAHRAMAN N, AKANSU S O. The effect of hydrogen on the performance and emissions of an SI engine having a high compression ratio fueled by compressed natural gas[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2017, 42 (40): 25766-25780. doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2017.04.076
[6]	RAJESH K R, SIDDHANT J, GAURAV V, et al. Laser ignition and flame kernel characterization of HCNG in a constant volume combustion chamber[J]. Fuel, 2017, 190: 318-327. doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2016.11.003
[7]	KORB B, KAWAUCHI S, WACHTMEISTER G. Influence of hydrogen addition on the operating range, emissions and efficiency in lean burn natural gas engines at high specific loads[J]. Fuel, 2016, 164: 410-418. doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2015.09.080
[8]	郑建军, 王金华, 王彬, 等. 压缩比对直喷天然气发动机燃烧与排放特性的影响[J]. 内燃机学报, 2010, 28 (1): 20-25.
	ZHENG Jianjun, WANG Jinhua, WANG Bin, et al. Effect of compression ratio on combustion and emission characteristics of a direct injection natural gas engine[J]. Transactions of CSICE, 2010, 28 (1): 20-25.
[9]	窦慧莉, 刘忠长, 李骏, 等. 过量空气系数对天然气发动机燃烧及排放的影响[J]. 汽车技术, 2006 (3): 8-12.
	DOU Huili, LIU Zhongchang, LI Jun, et al. Influence of excessive air coefficient on combustion and emission of NPG engines[J]. Automobile Technology, 2006 (3): 8-12.
[10]	ATTARD W P, PARSONS P. A normally aspirated spark initiated combustion system capable of high load, high efficiency and near zero NO_x emissions in a modern vehicle powertrain[J]. SAE International Journal of Engines, 2010, 3(2): 269-287. doi: 10.4271/2010-01-2196
[11]	高强, 周磊, 华剑雄, 等. 不同过量空气系数下射流点火发动机燃烧、排放和爆震特性的试验研究[J]. 内燃机工程, 2021, 42 (4): 8-15.
	GAO Qiang, ZHOU Lei, HUA Jianxiong, et al. Experimental study on combustion, emission and knock characteristics of turbulent jet ignition engine under different excess air coefficients[J]. Chinese Internal Combustion Engine Engineering, 2021, 42 (4): 8-15.
[12]	ATTARD W P, BLAXILL H. A lean burn gasoline fueled prechamber jet ignition combustion system achieving high efficiency and low NO_x at part load[R]. SAE Technical Papers, 2012.DOI:10.4271/2012-01-1146. doi: 10.4271/2012-01-1146
[13]	FAN B, ZHANG Y, PAN J, et al. The influence of hydrogen injection strategy on mixture formation and combustion process in a port injection(PI)rotary engine fueled with natural gas/hydrogen blends[J]. Energy Conversion and Management, 2018, 173: 527-538. doi: 10.1016/j.enconman.2018.08.002
[14]	LEE Z, LEE K, CHOI S, et al. Combustion and emission characteristics of an LNG engine for heat pumps[J]. Energies, 2015, 8(12): 13864-13878. doi: 10.3390/en81212400
[15]	同济大学, 重庆大学, 哈尔滨工业大学, 等. 燃气燃烧与应用[M]. 4版. 北京: 中国建筑工业出版社, 2011.
[16]	国家质量监督检验检疫总局. 锅炉大气污染物排放标准:GB 13271—2014[S].
[17]	靳苏毅, 王登辉, 惠世恩, 等. 天然气低氮氧化物燃烧研究进展与展望[J]. 节能技术, 2021, 39(4): 291-298.
	JIN Suyi, WANG Denghui, HUI Shien, et al. Research progress and prospects of low-NO_x combustion of natural gas[J]. Energy Conservation Technology, 2021, 39 (4): 291-298.
[18]	郭泽洲. 复合喷射模式下丙酮-丁醇-乙醇(ABE)/汽油双燃料发动机燃烧及排放特性研究[D]. 长春: 吉林大学, 2021.
	GUO Zezhou. Research on combustion and emissions of a dual-fuel engine with acetone-butanol-ethanol(ABE)/gasoline[D]. Changchun: Jilin University, 2021.

参数	数值
气缸数	4
缸径/mm	88
行程/mm	90
排气量/L	2.189
启动方式	电启动
额定制热转速/(r·min^-1）	1 850

组分	数值/%	组分	数值/%
φ（CH₄）	95.20	φ（C₅H₁₂）	0.03
φ（C₂H₆）	2.24	φ（N₂）	1.16
φ（C₃H₈）	0.24	φ（CO₂）	0.86
φ（C₄H₁₀）	0.10	φ（O₂）	0.09

测量仪器	型号	测量参数	量程	精度
燃气流量计	TYLZ-G6	燃气流量/（m³·h^-1）	0.250~10.000	±0.150(1.5级)
电磁流量计	LDG-SUP	水侧流量/（m³·h^-1）	1.400~14.000	±0.063(0.5级)
铠装热电偶	SIN-WZPK	水侧温度/℃	0~200.0	±0.3
烟气分析仪	testo 350	φ（O₂）/%	0~25.0	±0.2
		w（CO）/%	0~1.00	读数±5%
		φ（CO₂）/%	0~50	±0.3+读数1%
		w（NO₂）/%	0~0.05	±0.000 5
		w（NO）/%	0~0.40	读数±5%
		烟气温度/℃	-200.0~1 370.0	±0.4