Research on multi-objective optimization of envelope structures for nearly zero-energy buildings in Northwest China

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2024.12.010

Abstract

Abstract:

To address the high investment costs of nearly zero-energy buildings （nZEBs） and the uneven construction quality of such buildings in Northwest China， an existing nZEB is selected as the research subject. By comprehensively considering multiple building performance indicators， including energy consumption， cost， carbon emissions， and indoor comfort， an optimization of the envelope structure was conducted. This was achieved through a combination of experimental research and TRNSYS simulation. The optimization process evaluated multiple performance metrics， including energy consumption， cost， carbon emissions， and indoor comfort. The results indicated that under the optimal envelope configuration—where the insulation materials for the ceiling and external walls were polystyrene board and polyurethane， and the insulation layer thicknesses for external walls and ceilings were 100 mm and 110 mm， respectively， with window-to-wall ratios of 0.05， 0.28， and 0.30 for the west， south， and north walls， and an external window shading coefficient of 0.38—the building cost decreased by 9.8% compared to the original design. Meanwhile， improvements were observed in carbon emissions（9.7%）， energy consumption（12.1%）， and predicted mean vote（10.3%）， with the predicted percentage dissatisfied reduced by 28.4%. These findings enhance the comprehensive performance of the building.

Key words: Northwest China, nearly zero-energy buildings, envelope structures, carbon emissions, PMV, PPD, multi-objective optimization

CLC Number:

TK018

ZHEN Xiaofei, LI Shang'e, ZHANG Yongheng, JIAO Ruonan, WU Wenbing. Research on multi-objective optimization of envelope structures for nearly zero-energy buildings in Northwest China[J]. Integrated Intelligent Energy, 2024, 46(12): 81-90.

Figures/Tables 20

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Table 1

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Table 2

Optimization variables and constraint ranges of optimization objectives

项目	约束范围
外墙厚度（岩棉+聚苯板）/mm	50 $∼$ 150
外墙厚度（聚氨酯）/mm	20 $∼$ 100
天花板保温层厚度/mm	20 $∼$ 250
西向窗墙比	0.04 $∼$ 0.35
南向窗墙比	0.24 $∼$ 0.50
北向窗墙比	0.25 $∼$ 0.30
PMV	-1 $∼$ 1
PPD/%	≤20

Table 2

Table 3

Fig.8

Fig.9

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Table 4

Table 5

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名称	数量/个	规格型号
温湿度传感器	60	JTH-2D1卡轨式，精度：温度，±0.2 ℃；相对湿度，±2% RH
电源开关	1	LRS明纬开关电源400W/12V
4路RS485集线器	1	JPX-6104
USB转RS485	1	1.1 m，进口双芯片
双绞屏蔽线RVSP2芯		纯铜芯铜网ZR-RVSP，100 m， 4芯，0.5 mm²
分线盒	30	3进15出
三脚架	15	高2.1 m

围护结构	材料	厚度/mm	密度/（kg·m^-3）	碳排放系数
外墙	岩棉	150.0	120	1 980.00
	水泥砂浆	10.0	2 300	396.00
	基层水泥	300.0	3 100	260.20
地板	聚苯板	120.0	25	5.64
地板	基层水泥	131.7	1 000	260.20
天花板	聚苯板	120.0	25	5.64
天花板	基层水泥	141.7	1 000	260.20
窗户	铝包木	43.0	2 500	122.50

方案	年耗电量/ (kW·h)	全生命周期碳排放量/t	成本/ 万元	PMV	PPD/%
原始方案	43 130.00	674 850.000 0	773.97	-0.39	20.11
最优解	37 927.18	609 712.410 2	697.58	-0.35	14.39