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Architecture and key strategy of online state assessment system for substation auxiliary power supply system WANG Liding, ZHAN Qingcai, YIN Jianjun, YANG Changfu, WANG Junhui, NIE Xiaobo Huadian Technology    2021, 43 (5): 15-22.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-1951.2021.05.003 Abstract （6323）   HTML （121）    PDF （2435KB）（438）       Knowledge map    Save Auxiliary power supply system of a substation is important to the station's safe and reliable operation.The system is mainly composed of AC power supply system,DC power supply system and AC uninterruptible power supply system.To effectively evaluate the operation states of AC and DC power supply systems,an online state assessment system for substation auxiliary power supply system is proposed which works with the collaboration of the main system and the subsystem.After introducing the main functions and components of the main and sub-systems,the assessing process and the criteria for assessing the AC power supply equipment,inverter power equipment,DC/DC communication power supply equipment and DC power supply equipment are expounded.According to its application situation in a substation,the assessment system is proven to be effective in keep the safe and reliable operation of auxiliary power supply system in substation.It is of engineering application value. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application status and perspectives of air-source heat pump air conditioning technology CHEN Jianyong, LI Hao, CHEN Ying, ZHAO Jun Huadian Technology    2021, 43 (11): 25-39.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-1951.2021.11.004 Abstract （627）   HTML （15）    PDF （1922KB）（476）       Knowledge map    Save Air source heat pump air conditioning systems are widely used in heating, hot water supply and drying,due to their advantages of high efficiency, energy saving and environmental protection. Researches on the circulation construction, defrosting mechanism and control strategy of the air conditioning system are made at home and abroad,and the advantages and disadvantages of the various technologies are analyzed. The typical application scenarios of air source heat pump air conditioning systems in different industries are introduced,and attention is paid to the contributions to "coal-to-electricity" projects in northern China made by the systems. The COP of the system can reach 2.13, which indicates a significant energy saving. Finally, the challenges faced by the promotion of air source heat pump air conditioners are illustrated, including deficient policy and low public acceptance. Corresponding improvement should be made on the components, cycles, defrosting and control mechanisms. Moreover, the further advancement for the system can made by integrating thermal storage, big data and artificial intelligence technologies, which will facilitate the realization of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality under the new situation. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Strategic positioning of solar thermal power generation to promote technological progress WANG Zhifeng, HE Yaling, KANG Chongqing, WANG Weisheng, DU Fengli Huadian Technology    2021, 43 (11): 1-4.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-1951.2021.11.001 Abstract （557）   HTML （10）    PDF （913KB）（383）       Knowledge map    Save Being of high security, excellent power quality, large scale of energy storage and capability of bi-directional grid connection, the Concentrating Solar Power（CSP） technology is irreplaceable on the path to carbon peak and carbon neutrality. It will be the central pillar of the new power system construction taking new energy as the main body. After nearly 20-year growth, China's CSP industry is highly developed with a complete industrial chain. The localization rate of equipment for domestic projects in operation has exceeded 90%, which meets the requirement for large-scale application. By analyzing the breakthroughs of CSP technologies,significant cost reduction due to the scaling up of the industry,promotion of CSP industry made by the bundling of PV power, wind power and solar thermal energy on electric market, relevant proposals are put forward. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Review on electric energy substitution of agricultural energy internet in the context of carbon neutrality BAI Jiahao, FU Xueqian Integrated Intelligent Energy    2022, 44 (6): 1-11.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2022.06.001 Abstract （551）   HTML （8）    PDF （3503KB）（358）       Knowledge map    Save With the development of agricultural energy internet,replacing fuel with electricity for agriculture production has been taken as an important technical rout to realize carbon peaking and carbon neutrality since it is able to realize carbon emission reduction and improve environmental quality. Based on the enormous load data of modern agricultural industry, the potential of electric energy substitution in agriculture production is analyzed. Then, a low-carbon agricultural system which integrates distributed renewable energy with agriculture production is proposed. The system can control the growth of crops intelligently by digital twin technology, and virtual power plants for agricultural parks can alleviate the impact brought by new energy fluctuation. The agricultural park with the system is of a higher energy utilization efficiency and favorable economic benefits, which is a clean, low carbon and efficient development rout for agricultural energy internet. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Investigation and analysis on carbon emission status in China on the path to carbon neutrality ZHANG Junfeng, XU Wenjuan, WANG Yueqi, YIN Yan, XIE Hui, LIANG Xingyu, ZHAO Jun Huadian Technology    2021, 43 (10): 1-10.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-1951.2021.10.001 Abstract （476）   HTML （10）    PDF （1147KB）（532）       Knowledge map    Save Co-ordinating energy structure and regulating energy market are powerful tools for China to achieve carbon peaking and carbon neutrality by 2030 and 2060.To complete the target,it is necessary to conduct a comprehensive investigation on energy structures and carbon emission patterns of various regions,and explore the key factors affecting energy structure transformation.According to geographic environment,economy,energy and other factors,China can be divided into four regions：the North Corridor （the traditional energy storehouse）,the Important Industry Area （energy-intense industrial areas）,the East Group （the major energy customer） and the Green Zone（the clean energy treasure-house）. By analyzing the energy history in the regions above,three “unbalanced” issues are considered to be solved,which are unreasonable proportions of traditional fossil energy and clean energy,the unbalance between energy supply and demand in space,and the disparate development of green energy and high-quality GDP.Therefore,three suggestions are put forward in order to take economic and environmental benefits into account：connecting GDPs to total carbon emissions;setting GDP weight coefficient,namely "GDP grade";registering ID for green energy users and formulating reference pricing standards for them;establishing energy bridges and making energy allocation aiming to balance the energy structure and economic development and realizing sustainable development of economic environment in China. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Opportunities and challenges faced by energy and power industry with the goal of carbon neutrality and carbon peak YU Xiaobao, ZHENG Dandan, YANG Kang, KONG Jie, ZHANG Tianhao Huadian Technology    2021, 43 (6): 21-32.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-1951.2021.06.003 Abstract （465）   HTML （33）    PDF （2699KB）（581）       Knowledge map    Save The goal of carbon neutrality and carbon peak has been upgraded to a national strategy.As an important field of the goal,the follow-up development of power industry plays a vital role in achieving carbon neutrality and carbon peak in China.Based on the definition and development requirements of carbon peak and carbon neutralization,under the current situation of China's energy structure and carbon emissions,there are four main paths to achieve carbon neutrality which include clean and low-carbon power production,application of hydrogen energy,development of carbon capture technology and promotion of the utilization of electricity and hydrogen energy in transportation industry.With the goal of carbon neutrality and carbon peak,energy and power industry faces opportunities and challenges in three aspects,carbon trading market,energy storage and industrial transformation between different industries.Analyzing these challenges provides a reference for the energy and power industry to adapt to the goal of carbon neutrality and carbon peak. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Interpretation on carbon neutrality system ZHANG Jinbin, ZHOU Siwei Huadian Technology    2021, 43 (6): 1-10.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-1951.2021.06.001 Abstract （445）   HTML （22）    PDF （2353KB）（541）       Knowledge map    Save In response to global climate change,it is the shared vision of humanity to accelerate the transition to a green and low-emission society and achieve carbon neutrality as soon as possible. In order to comprehensively understand the background and concept system of carbon neutrality, we must take the development strategy and choose suitable implementation path. The origin of carbon neutrality, its status quo at home and abroad and carbon neutrality targets of major countries are introduced. The concepts of carbon peaking, carbon neutrality and other terminologies are defined. In addition, the low-carbon development strategies of EU, UK, Japan, China and US are analyzed. In the end, ten key solutions / technologies to achieve carbon neutrality are summarized. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the status quo and development trend of grid-forming converter technology YU Guo, WU Jun, XIA Re, CHEN Yihui, GUO Zihui, HUANG Wenxin Integrated Intelligent Energy    2022, 44 (9): 65-70.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2022.09.009 Abstract （437）   HTML （9）    PDF （1104KB）（1410）       Knowledge map    Save Due to the numerous electric and electrical devices and high-penetration new energy in a power system,the system's inertia tends to decrease and its strength and stability are hampered. In order to improve the stability of the system,a grid-forming converter technology which gives play to the flexibility and controllability of converters,compensates for the missing inherent inertia damping and provides reliable voltage and frequency support for the system is proposed.Based on the comparison between grid-forming control and gird-following control technologies,different network construction control strategies are analyzed. Then, the grid-forming high-pressure energy storage technology is introduced.The bottlenecks,challenges and feasible solutions of the technology are pointed out.The research results show that since the grid construction control technology can effectively improve the inertia damping,and provide the voltage and frequency support for the power system,it is promising in new power systems with high proportion of new energy and a large quantity of electronic equipment. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress and prospect of compressed air energy storage technology WAN Mingzhong, WANG Yuanyuan, LI Jun, LU Yuanwei, ZHAO Tian, WU Yuting Integrated Intelligent Energy    2023, 45 (9): 26-31.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2023.09.004 Abstract （435）   HTML （14）    PDF （1004KB）（416）       Knowledge map    Save Energy storage is the key technology to achieve the initiative of "reaching carbon peak in 2030 and carbon neutrality in 2060".Since compressed air energy storage has the advantages of large energy storage capacity， high system efficiency， and long operating life，it is a technology suitable for promotion in large-scale electric energy storage projects， and also an important means of large-scale renewable energy consumption on grid side. The development process， working principles， research statuses and challenges of compressed air energy storage systems in different forms are comprehensively expounded， and the development trend of compressed air energy storage technology is analysed from the perspective of compressed heat storage， providing references for the design for the future systems. The research results show that with the development of high-temperature heat storage technologies， high temperature adiabatic compressed air energy storage technology has become a research hotspot in this field because of its extraordinary working efficiency. Taking the molten salt with low melting point as the heat storage medium of a compressed air energy storage system to store the heat from the high-temperature compressor， can reduce the storage temperature of compressed water and the initial investment cost of the compressed air energy storage system significantly. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application analysis and prospect of heat pump technology under the goal of carbon neutrality SUN Jian, MA Shicai, HUO Cheng, GE Zhihua, ZHOU Shaoxiang Huadian Technology    2021, 43 (10): 22-30.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-1951.2021.10.003 Abstract （434）   HTML （11）    PDF （1427KB）（451）       Knowledge map    Save Since the proposal of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality has made higher requirements for carbon emission reduction in different industries,the energy structure in China will make important adjustments accordingly.The research focuses on the way to reduce carbon emission in conventional industries and making full use of renewable energy.Among different energy saving and emission reduction technologies,heat pump technology has been widely used in civil,industrial and agricultural areas due to its remarkable performance of energy saving and emission reduction.The applications of heat pump technology in distributed household cooling and heating,centralized heating,agricultural,industrial and energy storage areas have been analyzed comprehensively.The main research direction of heat pump technology will focus on new circulation process,new environmental-friendly working medium,key component development,etc.Heat pump technology will be a significant energy saving and emission reduction technical route under the goals of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Status quo and prospects of geothermal energy in heat supply WANG Guiling, YANG Xuan, MA Ling, ZHOU Jiaqi, SHEN Guohua, WANG Wanli Huadian Technology    2021, 43 (11): 15-24.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-1951.2021.11.003 Abstract （412）   HTML （18）    PDF （15363KB）（293）       Knowledge map    Save The energy consumption in construction industry stays high.In 2019,global carbon emissions from construction industry accounted for 28% of the total CO2 emissions.Nowadays,energy conservation and emission reduction for buildings has become a major problem for energy structure of China and even the world.In order to explore the heating potential of geothermal resources and its value in achieving emission peak and carbon neutrality,the endowment and distribution characteristics of geothermal resources in China is briefly described and the geothermal energy utilization modes suitable for different regions are obtained.Energy-saving and high-efficiency pipe burying ways for ground source heat pumps（GSHPs）have drawn great attention.Based on engineering cases,different heat-supply characteristics of shallow and medium-deep geothermal energy have been analyzed.According to the development in the past five years,the GSHP is of great development potential for being able to meet 19.25% of China's building energy supply demand by 2030. In terms of practical application and prospects,a variety of new underground heat exchangers,direct-expansion GSHPs,cross-season energy storage and multi-energy complementary geothermal energy utilization modes are proposed by considering the geothermal detection,geothermal extraction and geothermal utilization.These technologies can increase the utilization rate of renewable energy,reduce the fossil energy consumption and lower the energy consumption of buildings. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Review on water electrolysis for hydrogen production powered by fluctuating wind power and PV Leijiao GE, Qingxue CUI, Mingwei LI, Fang YAO, Xiaona YANG, Tianshuo DU Integrated Intelligent Energy    2022, 44 (5): 1-14.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2022.05.001 Abstract （400）   HTML （10）    PDF （1559KB）（1033）       Knowledge map    Save Water electrolysis for hydrogen production powered by green energy such as PV and wind power is an important technical rout to realize the national energy strategy of carbon neutrality and carbon peaking. Nevertheless,the volatility of wind power and PV seriously affects the dynamic adaptability and operational reliability of the hydrogen production system based on water electrolysis. By expounding the characteristics of the hydrogen production technology powered by wind-PV complementary systems,and analyzing the mechanism and economy of this technology,an efficient and reliable technical rout of water electrolysis for hydrogen production powered by fluctuating wind power and PV is conceived,to extricate from the predicament in water electrolysis for hydrogen production. There are three key steps in the realization path, system configuration optimization, stable operation and service life extension. Targeting at the system service life management, the safe, reliable and economic operation of the water electrolysis system for hydrogen production powered by PV and wind power lays a favorable foundation for the development of wind-PV-hydrogen industry chain. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Overview on the characteristics,connotation and development status of virtual power plants in China ZHONG Yongjie, JI Ling, LI Jingxia, JIANG Yanjun, WU Shiwei, WANG Zidong Integrated Intelligent Energy    2022, 44 (6): 25-36.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2022.06.003 Abstract （393）   HTML （47）    PDF （3654KB）（649）       Knowledge map    Save To achieve the "30·60" goal,virtual power plants have been taken as an important measure to construct a new power system and complete energy transformation. It is also the development direction for the safe and efficient utilization of new energy. The connotation and overall characteristics of virtual power plants are introduced. And against the backdrop of the status quo in China, the main business segments of a virtual power plant and its political environment are expounded. Given the existing cases home and abroad, the supporting elements including controllable resources,key technologies and market mechanism for the rapid development of virtual power plants are summarized. Then, the problems in the promotion of virtual power plants in China are summarized based on the three development phases. Based on the understanding on the connotation and basic characteristics,it is believed that virtual power plants are promising in integrated application with digitalization,intelligentization,cloud sharing,artificial intelligence,big data,Internet of Things and other technologies. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis on green and low-carbon development path for power industry to realize carbon peak and carbon neutrality ZHAO Guotao, QIAN Guoming, WANG Sheng Huadian Technology    2021, 43 (6): 11-20.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-1951.2021.06.002 Abstract （388）   HTML （20）    PDF （1200KB）（559）       Knowledge map    Save The proposal of carbon peak and carbon neutrality brings profound impact on power industry from many aspects. Green and low-carbon transformation of power enterprises has become an irreversible mainstream. Green power system is constructed based on the concept of green manufacturing system. The green power plants, green grid, green energy consumption and power system evaluation techniques in the green power system are described respectively, which shows the system's attributes of high efficiency, low carbon, clean and recycling in the fields of energy-saving, resources saving and environmental protection. Low-carbon power, a concept belongs to green power system, focuses on the theme of carbon emission reduction. The analysis on its implementation path and the difficulties in the process can stimulate the realization of carbon peak and carbon neutrality, and orient the research on enterprises' green low-carbon transformation. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Challenges and countermeasures of traditional thermal power under the goals of carbon neutrality and carbon peaking MA Shuangchen, YANG Pengwei, WANG Fangfang, FAN Shuaijun, ZHAO Guangjin, LI Qi, YUAN Wenxi, LU Rui, QIU Mingjie Integrated Intelligent Energy    2021, 43 (12): 36-45.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-1951.2021.12.006 Abstract （387）   HTML （7）    PDF （1627KB）（551）       Knowledge map    Save To achieve the goals of carbon neutrality and carbon peak,there are stern challenges confronted by power industry in its low-carbon transformation. Combing the goals and countermeasures taken by foreign countries and regions,the difficulties faced by traditional thermal power enterprises in renewable energy consumption and old unit decommissioning are analyzed. Combination traditional thermal power plants with energy storage technology can enhance their operation flexibility and stabilize the whole power system. Integrating traditional thermal power with chemical industry, CCUS and other new technologies can build a new thermal power industry chain. The transformation and development of traditional thermal power is related to national energy security and people's livelihood. Thus,in the rapid development of renewable energy, the obstacles of new energy consumption and energy storage should be overcome, and the role of thermal power as safeguard and base load is unignorable. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on carbon sequestration path of steel slag carbonation under carbon neutralization background ZHANG Shufan, CHENG Xingxing, WANG Luyuan, ZHANG Xingyu, WANG Zhiqiang Huadian Technology    2021, 43 (6): 86-91.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-1951.2021.06.011 Abstract （386）   HTML （10）    PDF （902KB）（1035）       Knowledge map    Save CO2 capture after combustion is one of the important ways of carbon capture.Carbon sequestration can be achieved by carbonation reaction between alkali metal oxides （CaO-based） in steel slag and CO2.This paper reviews three main methods for carbon sequestration,direct carbon fixation with cold steel slag,indirect carbon fixation with cold steel slag and direct carbon fixation with hot steel slag.After summarizing the methods and pointing out the existing problems,the advantages and disadvantages of the three methods were compared.It is pointed out that the direct carbon fixation with hot steel slag is the most suitable carbon fixation technology with steel slag under the background of carbon peak and carbon neutralization.By realizing carbon sequestration and steel slag waste heat recycling simultaneously,it is one of the most promising carbon fixation technologies. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis on solution for green and low-carbon transformation of thermal power enterprises to achieve carbon peak and carbon neutrality ZHAO Guotao, QIAN Guoming, WANG Sheng, DING Quan, ZHU Haidong Huadian Technology    2021, 43 (10): 11-21.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-1951.2021.10.002 Abstract （379）   HTML （2）    PDF （1343KB）（578）       Knowledge map    Save The proposal of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality brings profound changes to the development of energy and power industry, especially on promoting the green and low-carbon transformation of power generation enterprises. Based on the full interpretation of the goals, their impacts on energy industry are analyzed from the perspectives of energy structure adjustment, energy supply, energy consumption, energy informatization and emerging energy technologies. Then, according to the problems existing in the production and operation of thermal power enterprises, the strategies and methods to deal with green and low-carbon transformation are put forward,which include enterprise positioning, renewable energy consumption, energy saving, cost control and enterprise digital transformation, so as to provide reference and ideas for the transformation and development of thermal power enterprises in the future. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the impact of re-electrification on the path to carbon peaking and carbon neutralization in China XIE Dian, GAO Yajing, LIU Tianyang, ZHAO Liang Integrated Intelligent Energy    2022, 44 (3): 1-8.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2022.03.001 Abstract （371）   HTML （19）    PDF （1727KB）（355）       Knowledge map    Save Seeing that re-electrification is the most feasible way for energy transformation in terms of technology and economy, it plays a key role in achieving carbon peaking and carbon neutralization in China as scheduled. In order to systematically evaluate the impact of re-electrification, the re-electrification path in China is comprehensively analysed from three prospects, economy,society and environment. A multi-dimensional evaluation index system is built to evaluate its impact on economic development, industrial transformation, employment and environment protection, giving a quantitative analysis result of the influence on socio-economy. The research results show that re-electrification is of great significance to China's carbon neutralization since it facilitates the construction of an electricity-centred modern energy system, promotes the innovation and industrial application of technologies related to electrification and low carbon, stimulates open employment, secures human health and reduces costs of carbon reduction. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Development status and application prospect of power side energy storage technology TONG Jialin, HONG Qing, LYU Hongkun, WU Ruikang, YING Guangyao Huadian Technology    2021, 43 (7): 17-23.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-1951.2021.07.003 Abstract （365）   HTML （8）    PDF （967KB）（813）       Knowledge map    Save Under the background of carbon neutrality, it is necessary to build a new power system with renewable energy as the main body.Power-side energy techniques receive attention because they are important means of remitting large-scale renewable energy grid-connected pressure.They could smooth generation output of intermittent renewable energy and improve frequency modulation and peak regulation capacity of thermal power generation units.In order to develop power-side energy storage techniques better,development status quo and typical application of existing energy storage techniques are discussed and sorted.The development trend of American and Chinese power-side energy storage techniques is analyzed.The development status quo,typical pilot applications,and performance comparison of major power-side energy storage techniques are introduced.The further prospects of power-side energy storage techniques in China are made. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application and research progress of molten salt heat storage technology ZHANG Zhongping, LIU Heng, XIE Yurong, ZHAO Dazhou, MOU Min, CHEN Qiao Integrated Intelligent Energy    2023, 45 (9): 40-47.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2023.09.006 Abstract （361）   HTML （19）    PDF （2330KB）（471）       Knowledge map    Save Molten salt heat storage is a key technology for constructing future neo power systems.Since molten salt，an ideal heat storage medium，is of low viscosity，low steam pressure，high stability，high heat storage density，molten salt heat storage technology can be widely used in solar thermal power generation， thermal power peak and frequency regulation，heating，and waste heat recovery and utilization.However，current researches about this technology mainly focus on its employment in solar photothermal power generation，while its applications in other scenarios are insufficient in study.Under different application scenarios，the working temperature range，heating mode，selection of key components and design of working flow of a molten salt heat storage system are different.The advantages，characteristics and key technologies of molten salt heat storage technology are expounded，the research progress and the latest demonstration projects under different scenarios are listed，and the key problems subjected to further research are analyzed.Finally，future development trend and target of this technology are proposed. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics