关键词: 全生命周期, 光伏发电, 碳排放测算, 低碳分析, 关键环节

Abstract: The calculation of carbon emissions from photovoltaic (PV) power generation systems based on Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is critical to analyzing the environmental benefits of clean energy, evaluating and certifying low-carbon products, and continuously optimizing the layout of clean energy. However, there are still few studies on LCA-based carbon emission calculation for PV systems, and almost no research focuses on quantifying the LCA carbon emissions of unit PV modules for each stage. This leads to inconsistent benchmarks for the practical application of PV system carbon emission data. To fill this gap, this paper proposes a modeling and calculation method for carbon emissions at key stages of PV systems based on LCA, and provides the corresponding LCA carbon emission results for a 1kWc crystalline silicon PV system to support future research. On the basis of existing studies, the LCA of PV systems is divided into five key stages; the carbon emissions of each stage are calculated and summed to determine the carbon emission benchmark per unit power generation of PV systems. This provides a basic calculation reference for carbon emission assessment of subsequent PV systems and supports low-carbon research on clean energy power generation. Based on the calculated results, this paper further analyzes the relationship between PV system carbon emissions, annual effective utilization hours, and operating years, so as to provide a reference for the operation and construction of PV power plants.

Key words: Life Cycle Assessment, Photovoltaic Power Generation, Carbon Emission Measurement, Low-Carbon Analysis, Key Links