Fault diagnosis technology for lithium-ion batteries based on electro-thermal coupling model

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2025.08.002

Abstract

Abstract:

With the rapid development of new energy vehicles， the safety of lithium-ion batteries， a core component of power batteries， has become increasingly crucial. Therefore， a fault diagnosis technology for lithium-ion batteries based on an electro-thermal coupling model was proposed. By integrating the electrical and thermal characteristics of lithium-ion batteries， an electro-thermal coupling model was established. The relative errors of the voltage and surface temperature predicted by the model were both less than 1%， providing a more accurate description of battery performance. The model combined a second-order Thevenin equivalent circuit model with a lumped parameter thermal model， dynamically reflecting the influence of current and voltage on temperature while accounting for the feedback effects of temperature on electrical parameters. The model parameters were identified using the Forgetting Factor Recursive Least Squares （FFRLS） algorithm， and state estimation was conducted with an Adaptive Extended Kalman Filter （AEKF）. The differences between measured and estimated values enabled accurate fault diagnosis of the batteries. Simulation results demonstrated that the proposed method successfully monitored battery states under various fault conditions and identified and diagnosed faults through combined voltage and temperature monitoring.

Key words: lithium-ion battery, electro-thermal coupling model, parameter identification, state estimation, fault diagnosis

CLC Number:

TK01：TM911

YU Ziyi, PAN Tinglong, GE Ke, DOU Zhenlan, XU Dezhi. Fault diagnosis technology for lithium-ion batteries based on electro-thermal coupling model[J]. Integrated Intelligent Energy, 2025, 47(8): 10-20.

Figures/Tables 15

Fig.1

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Table 1

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Table 2

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Table 3

Fault classification levels

故障等级	电压RMSE/V	表面温度RMSE/K
正常状态	$<$ 0.01	$<$ 0.07
轻度故障	[0.01,0.05)	[0.07,0.50)
重度故障	$≥$ 0.05	$≥$ 0.50

Table 3

Fig.9

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Fig.11

Table 4

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拟合参数	温度/℃
拟合参数	-20	-10	0	10	25
P₁	1.044 0	2.880 0	4.031 0	14.520 0	11.370 0
P₂	0.047 4	-4.067 0	-0.775 0	-41.560 0	-31.170 0
P₃	-3.195 0	-1.877 0	1.132 0	42.530 0	27.210 0
P₄	3.042 0	5.739 0	5.956 0	-17.700 0	-6.102 0
P₅	-0.939 1	-2.919 0	-4.066 0	2.066 0	-2.695 0
P₆	0.631 2	1.057 0	1.471 0	0.957 3	1.991 0
P₇	3.439 0	3.414 0	3.357 0	3.325 0	3.220 0
R²	0.999 6	0.999 9	0.999 9	0.999 6	0.999 7

电池	端电压RMSE/V	表面温度RMSE/K
^#1	0.017 6	0.106 6
^#2	0.071 5	0.797 2
^#3	0.001 5	0.008 6