电动汽车充电站站网互动运行优化技术研究与实践

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2022.06.005

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对未来电动汽车配套充电设施大面积建设与现有电网供电容量之间的矛盾,提出一种新型的应用于电动汽车充电站的站网互动运行优化技术,叙述应用该技术的电动汽车充电站参与源荷互动的主要技术原理和作为负荷参与电网需求侧响应的主要控制策略,分析该技术应用案例和应用效果。电动汽车充电站站网互动运行优化技术可以平滑内部充电桩负荷用电曲线,实现电动汽车充电站负荷的削峰填谷,促进清洁能源消纳,缓解充电设施对电网负荷的冲击,降低电网建设投资。

关键词: 电动汽车, 充电站, 站网互动, 源荷互动, 需求侧响应, 运行优化技术, 碳中和

Abstract:

To address the contradiction between the large-scale construction of charging facilities for electric vehicles（EVs）and the limited supply capacity of the existing power grid,a new EV station-to-grid（S2G） interactive operation optimization technology is proposed.The technology engaged EVs into the demand-side response control in the power grid based on the main principles of the EV charging stations participating in source-load interaction.The application effect of the technology has been analyzed by practical cases.The S2G interactive operation optimization technology can smooth the load curve of charging piles and realize peak shaving with the loads of charging stations.Moreover,the technology can boost clean energy consumption,alleviate the impact of charging facilities on the power grid and save the investment in grid construction.

Key words: electric vehicle, charging station, station-to-grid interaction, source-load interaction, demand side response, operation optimization technology, carbon neutrality

中图分类号:

TK019：TK02

张永新, 闫鹏领, 朱国栋. 电动汽车充电站站网互动运行优化技术研究与实践[J]. 综合智慧能源, 2022, 44(6): 45-51.

ZHANG Yongxin, YAN Pengling, ZHU Guodong. Research and practice on the EV station-to-grid interactive operation optimization technology[J]. Integrated Intelligent Energy, 2022, 44(6): 45-51.

图/表 11

图1

图2

图3

图4

图5

图6

图7

图8

表1

表2

图9

参考文献 21

[1]	韩爱青. 全球新能源汽车推广势在必行[J]. 高科技与产业化, 2021, 27(1):35-37.
[2]	丁叶强, 姚学恒, 陈向民, 等. 基于5G与实时电价的电动汽车需求侧管理研究[J]. 华电技术, 2021, 43(1):66-70.
	DING Yeqiang, YAO Xueheng, CHEN Xiangmin, et al. Study on electric vehicle demand side management based on 5G and spot pricing[J]. Huadian Technology, 2021, 43(1):66-70.
[3]	颜勤, 涂晓帆. 新型电力系统下综合电动汽车充电站的优化运行[J]. 湖南大学学报(自然科学版), 2022, 49(2):176-182.
	YAN Qin, TU Xiaofan. Optimized operation of an integrated electric vehicle charging station with renewables and storage under new power system[J]. Journal of Hunan University (Natural Sciences), 2022, 49(2):176-182.
[4]	郑剑, 郝浩, 朱海东, 等. 新形势下发电企业在充电桩领域的业务分析[J]. 华电技术, 2021, 43(4):78-82.
	ZHENG Jian, HAO Hao, ZHU Haidong, et al. Business analysis on power generation enterprises in the field of charging pile under the new circumstances[J]. Huadian Technology, 2021, 43(4):78-82.
[5]	RAJANI B, KOMMULA B N. An optimal energy management among the electric vehicle charging stations and electricity distribution system using GPC-RERNN approach[J]. Energy, 2022, 245:123180. doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2022.123180
[6]	VENKATAKRISHNAN G R, RENGARAJ R, PRAKASH N B. Optimally manage the energy between electric vehicle charging stations and electricity distribution system:A hybrid technique[J]. International Journal of Numerical Modelling:Electronic Networks,Devices and Fields, 2022, 35(1):e2944.
[7]	CASINI M, VICINO A, ZANVETTOR G G. A chance constraint approach to peak mitigation in electric vehicle charging stations[J]. Automatica, 2021, 131:109746. doi: 10.1016/j.automatica.2021.109746
[8]	朱心月, 李炳华, 王成, 等. 电动汽车V2G关键技术的研究[J]. 电气应用. 2021, 40(4):36-43.
	ZHU Xinyue, LI Binghua, WANG Cheng, et al. Research on the key technology of V2G for electric vehicle[J]. Electrotechnical Application, 2021, 40(4):36-43.
[9]	黄亮, 刘明, 张锐明. 双向充电桩V2G控制策略研究[J]. 电力电子技术. 2019, 53(8):41-44,49.
	HUANG Liang, LIU Ming, ZHANG Ruiming. Research on V2G control strategy of bidirectional charging pile[J]. Power Electronics, 2019, 53(8):41-44,49.
[10]	贾雍, 岑康. V2G技术与电动汽车充电策略研究[J]. 电气开关, 2017, 55(4):83-86.
	JIA Yong, CEN Kang. Research on V2G technology and EV charging strategy[J]. Electric Switchgear, 2017, 55(4):83-86.
[11]	范英乐, 鄢斌. 一种电动汽车与电网互动(V2G)充放电站的设计和运行构想[C]// 未来配电网形态及关键技术研讨会论文集. 2014:150-152.
	FAN Yingle, YAN Bin. Design and operation concept of an electric vehicle and grid interaction (V2G) charging and discharging station[C]// Proceedings of the Seminar on Future Distribution Network Form and Key Technologies. 2014:150-152.
[12]	赵珊珊. 电动汽车充电预约机制及光伏充电站优化调度研究[D]. 北京: 北京交通大学, 2020.
[13]	陈娟, 黄元生, 鲁斌. 区域能源互联网“站-网”布局优化研究[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2018, 38(3):675-684.
	CHEN Juan, HUANG Yuansheng, LU Bin. Research on "station-pipelines" layout and optimization of regional energy internet[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2018, 38(3):675-684.
[14]	秦羽飞, 葛磊蛟, 王波. 能源互联网群体智能协同控制与优化技术[J]. 华电技术, 2021, 43(9):1-13.
	QIN Yufei, GE Leijiao, WANG Bo. Swarm intelligence collaborative control and optimization technology of energy internet[J]. Huadian Technology, 2021, 43(9):1-13.
[15]	方兵, 李琳玮, 黄亮, 等. 计及储能与电动汽车充电站的配电网经济运行研究[J]. 电力需求侧管理, 2022, 24(2):59-64.
	FANG Bing, LI Linwei, HUANG Liang, et al. Research on economic operation of distribution network considering energy storage and electric vehicle charging station[J]. Power Demand Side Management, 2022, 24(2):59-64.
[16]	侯慧, 王逸凡, 黄亮, 等. 满足电动汽车快充需求的含储能复合型充电站充电优化策略[J]. 电力自动化设备, 2022, 42(1):65-71.
	HOU Hui, WANG Yifan, HUANG Liang, et al. Charging optimization strategy of composite charging station with energy storage to meet fast charging demand of electric vehicles[J]. Electric Power Automation Equipment, 2022, 42(1):65-71.
[17]	汪希玥, 徐箭, 廖思阳, 等. 考虑虚拟储能特性的柔性负荷调控裕度评估方法[J]. 华电技术, 2021, 43(9):37-45.
	WANG Xiyue, XU Jian, LIAO Siyang, et al. Flexible load regulation margin evaluation method considering virtual energy storage characteristics[J]. Huadian Technology, 2021, 43(9):37-45.
[18]	胡振恺, 李勇琦, 彭鹏, 等. 电池储能系统火灾预警与灭火系统设计[J]. 消防科学与技术, 2020, 39(10):1434-1438.
	HU Zhenkai, LI Yongqi, PENG Peng, et al. Design of fire warning system and fire extinguishing system of battery energy storage system[J]. Fire Science and Technology, 2020, 39(10):1434-1438.
[19]	BALASUNDAR C, SUNDDARABALAN C K, SHARMA J, et al. Design of power quality enhanced sustainable bidirectional electric vehicle charging station in distribution grid[J]. Sustainable Cities and Society, 2021, 74:103242. doi: 10.1016/j.scs.2021.103242
[20]	冯力勇, 张云. 考虑电池能效的电网侧电化学储能电站最优功率控制策略研究[J]. 华电技术, 2020, 42(4):37-41.
	FENG Liyong, ZHANG Yun. Optimal power control strategy of grid-side electrochemical energy storage stations considering battery energy efficiency[J]. Huadian Technology, 2020, 42(4):37-41.
[21]	胡玉琦. 企业职工标准化技术比武理论无纸化考试硬件平台的规划与设计[J]. 数字技术与应用, 2012(6):182.

项目	技术参数
输出功率/kW	450
充电接口	最多可同时连接8个充电接头
充电方式	动态分配
输出直流电压/V	200~750
输入交流电压/V	380×（1±15%）
输入频率/Hz	45~65
整机效率/%	峰值≥96
稳压精度/%	≤±0.5
稳流精度/%	≤±1.0
纹波系数	有效值≤±0.5%;峰值≤±1.0%
功率因数	≥0.98
总谐波含量/%	≤5
噪声/dB	≤65
外形尺寸(长×宽×高)/mm	1 800×800×1 910

设备	技术参数	单位	数量
磷酸铁锂电池	768 V/50 A·h/38.4 kW·h	套	21
储能变流器	630 kV·A	台	3
BMS		套	21
高压箱	1 000 V/250 A	台	21
直流汇流柜	7汇1,DC 1 000 V/1 000 A	台	3
消防系统	七氟丙烷自动灭火系统（集装箱内）	套	1
消防系统	脉冲式气溶胶系统（电池箱内）	套	1
空调	MC50	台	2
集装箱	1 000×2 300×2 300 mm（长×宽×高）	台	1