Abstract: Global climate change caused by the accumulation of greenhouse gases has attracted extensive attention. Biological carbon sequestration technology shows excellent application prospects in CO2 resource utilization because of its mild reaction conditions and product diversity. In this paper, the principles of photosynthetic carbon fixation and microbial electrochemical carbon fixation were described respectively, and the resource utilization methods of photosynthetic carbon fixation were mainly introduced, such as microalgae carbon fixation to methane, microalgae carbon fixation to biofuel, microalgae wastewater treatment, and other biological carbon fixation and resource utilization methods, The key research directions of CO2 resource utilization technology based on biological carbon sequestration technology in the future are prospected.

Key words: Biological carbon sequestration, Carbon dioxide, Energy, Greenhouse gases, Biotransformation