储热硝酸熔盐研究进展

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2025.12.002

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着“双碳”目标的推进，储热技术的重要性日益凸显。熔盐作为一种较理想的储热材料，在中高温传储热领域备受关注，而硝酸熔盐凭借其独特优势，已在多个领域被广泛应用。梳理了近年来针对硝酸熔盐体系储热性能不足及金属腐蚀性强等问题的研究成果。从开发多元硝酸熔盐体系和掺杂纳米材料2个方面，综述了提升硝酸熔盐储热性能的方法，同时，从热物性和腐蚀性2个角度，探讨了杂质离子对硝酸熔盐的影响。研究结果表明，多元硝酸熔盐体系和纳米材料的掺杂能够显著提升熔盐的储热性能，而杂质离子的存在会对其性能产生负面影响。未来研究可重点关注新型硝酸熔盐体系的开发、纳米颗粒的协同增效机制、杂质离子对腐蚀行为的协同影响以及在线检测技术的研发，以进一步推动熔盐储热技术的发展。

关键词: 硝酸熔盐, 熔盐储热, 热能储存, 热物理性能, 纳米材料, 杂质离子, 可再生能源, 储能

Abstract:

With the advancement of the "dual carbon" goals， the importance of thermal energy storage technology has become increasingly prominent. As an ideal thermal storage material， molten salts have gained significant attention in the medium- and high-temperature heat transfer and storage fields. Molten nitrate salts， in particular， exhibit unique advantages that lead to widespread applications across various fields. Recent research on the issues of insufficient thermal storage performance and strong metal corrosiveness in molten nitrate salt systems is reviewed， with a detailed overview of methods to improve the thermal storage performance of molten nitrate salts from two aspects： the development of multi-component molten nitrate salt systems and the doping of nanomaterials. Additionally， the impact of impurity ions on molten nitrate salts is discussed from the perspectives of thermal properties and corrosion. Research indicates that multi-component molten nitrate salt systems and doping with nanomaterial can substantially enhance thermal storage performance of molten salts. However， the presence of impurity ions negatively affects their performance. Future research could focus on the development of novel molten nitrate salt systems， the synergistic enhancement mechanism of nanoparticles， the combined effects of impurity ions on corrosion behavior， and the development of online detection technologies to further improve molten salt thermal storage technology.

Key words: molten nitrate salt, molten salt heat storage, thermal energy storage, thermophysical properties, nanomaterials, impurity ions, renewable energy, energy storage

中图分类号:

TK02

蒋泽龄, 熊亚选, 白银雷, 耿博辰. 储热硝酸熔盐研究进展[J]. 综合智慧能源, 2025, 47(12): 14-24.

JIANG Zeling, XIONG Yaxuan, BAI Yinlei, GENG Bochen. Research progress in molten nitrate salts for thermal energy storage[J]. Integrated Intelligent Energy, 2025, 47(12): 14-24.

图/表 8

表1

新型多元硝酸熔盐及其关键热物性参数

新型硝酸熔盐	熔点/℃	分解温度/℃	比热容/[J·(g·K)^-1]	文献
$50 % M g (N O 3) 2$ $- 50 % N a N O 3$	355.40	440.00	1.023	[28]
$60 % A l (N O 3) 3$ $- 40 % C u (N O 3) 2$	65.00	215.00	2.729	[29]
$32 % C a (N O 3) 2$ $- 24 % N a N O 3$ $- 44 % K N O 3$	80.00	600.00	1.500	[30]
$N a N O 3$ $- K N O 3$ $- N a N O 2$ $- 15 %$ $- 30 % L i N O 3$	77.50~94.37	612.00~639.11	1.860~1.950	[31]
$10 % N a N O 3$ $- 60 % K N O 3$ $- 20 % C a (N O 3) 2$ $- 10 % N a N O 2$	130.20	650.00		[32]
$6.67 % C a (N O 3) 2$ $- 44.17 % K N O 3$ $- 5.83 % N a N O 3$ $- 33.33 % N a N O 2$	83.10	628.50	1.520	[33]
$20.5 % N a N O 3$ $- 11.5 % K N O 3$ $- 12 % C a (N O 3) 2$ $- 16.5 % N a N O 2$ $- 39.5 % K N O 2$	102.30	651.20	1.500	[34]

表1

图1

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图7

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