Review and prospect of underground thermal energy storage technology

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-1951.2021.11.006

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to mitigate global warming,achieve "emission peaking and carbon neutrality" and utilize new energy resources efficiently,the power system taking new energy as the main part and power storage industry have to develop in coordination.As one of the key technologies for the joint development,the seasonal underground thermal energy storage,especially Aquifer Thermal Energy Storage（ATES）,is difficult to be transformed from theory to engineering cases.Summarizing the methods and principles of underground thermal energy storage,the theoretical research progress of ATES system in numerical simulation and testing are analyzed.Then,the key technologies and bottlenecks in practical engineering cases are deeply analyzed.The evaluation standards for thermal performance,economic and environmental benefit of ATES systems are compared.On this basis,the prospect of the new power system coupled with ATES technology is made,which can provide reference for the following researches.

Key words: underground thermal energy storage, Aquifer Thermal Energy Storage, seasonal, performance evaluation, renewable energy, carbon neutrality, heat supply

CLC Number:

TK52

ZHANG Yuanyuan, YE Cantao, GONG Yulie, MA Jiuchen, HUANG Yonghui, ZHAO Jun, PANG Zhonghe. Review and prospect of underground thermal energy storage technology[J]. Huadian Technology, 2021, 43(11): 49-57.

Figures/Tables 11

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含水层	分类	受地表影响	储存水温/℃	投资成本	污染程度
潜水含水层	—	大	<25	高	大
承压含水层	浅层	较小	25~50	低	较小
承压含水层	深层	小	50~150	低	小

储能方式	井数	冷热流体位置	管路数量	成本
单井	1	同层/异层	少	低
对井	2	同层/异层	较少	较低
多井	>2	同层/异层	多	高

系统	优点	缺点
ATES	（1）换热介质为水,使得换热均匀;（2）夏季不启动热泵,节省成本	（1）对水文地质条件要求高;（2）地下水流速要低
BTES	（1）受地质条件的限制;（2）可当做地基的一部分,节省成本	（1）储冷/热温度范围小;（2）受地表条件影响较大

模型	井数	计算方法	改变条件	结构性质	参考文献
三维	2	有限元	钻孔深度/抽注水量等	各向均值	[21]
三维	2	有限元和有限体积	井对间距/入口温度	各向均值	[22]
三维	2	有限差分	孔隙率/含水层厚度等	各向均值	[23]
二维轴对称	1	有限元	注水量/渗透系数等	各向异性	[24]
对流-热弥散	2	特征线法	多孔介质粒径	各向均值	[25]
湍流	2	有限体积	含水层厚度/流量等	各向均值	[26-29]
群井渗流	>2	有限体积	井数量/井对间距/流量	各向均值	[30]

试验系统	含水层厚度/m	井数/个	周期	注水量	注水/采水温度/℃	参考文献
深部承压含水层	—	1	51.0 d	45.210 0 m³/h	55.00/33.00	[32-33]
第二承压含水层	19.0~26.0	>2	≥46.0 d	—	28.78/12.68	[34-35]
含水层砂箱	1.0	2	23.0 min	0.136 0 m³/h	45.00/—	[36]
承压含水层（室内）	0.8	2	120.0 min	0.097 7 m³/h	—	[37]
含水层自然横流抽灌井群	0.4	5	—	≥0.240 0 m³/h	12.00/7.00	[38-39]
承压含水层	67.0	>2	150.0 d	0.103 0 m³/min	—	[40]
含水层砂箱	0.2	≥2	9.6 h	1.200 0 m³/s	14.50/—	[41-42]