Review and prospects of two-step solar thermochemical cycle for preparing fuels based on metal oxides

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-1951.2021.11.013

Abstract

Abstract:

Clean fuels can be prepared by two-step solar thermochemical cycle based on metal oxides. This method is expected to be an effective way to carbon neutrality for its high theoretical efficiency and zero CO₂ emissions. However, its energy conversion efficiency from solar energy to chemical energy is unsatisfactory. The analysis on the method is made from the oxide pairs, reactor design and optimization of multi-energy complementation systems, and focuses on the factors affecting the conversion efficiency of solar energy to chemical energy. In terms of materials, we expound the development history of oxide pairs and point out the importance of DFT and machine learning in oxide pairs screening. Considering the characteristics of different materials, the application scope, advantages and disadvantages of foam ceramic/honeycomb-structure reactors, particle reactors and membrane reactors are analyzed. Proper porosity and particle radius can speed up the heating rate of the oxide pairs, and effectively reduce heat loss. At the same time, large-scale continuous design can also improve the efficient use of solar energy. In terms of system optimization, the roles of new technologies,such as digital twins,in multi-energy complementary systems are comprehensively analyzed. In the end, the prospects of high-temperature solar thermochemical cycle for preparing fuels and the suggestions for the technology are put forward.

Key words: carbon neutrality, solar energy, thermochemistry, solar hydrogen production, energy conversion efficiency, oxide pairs, reactor, digital twins, multi-energy complementary system

CLC Number:

TK519：TQ116.2

MA Tianzeng, FU Mingkai, REN Ting, LI Xin. Review and prospects of two-step solar thermochemical cycle for preparing fuels based on metal oxides[J]. Huadian Technology, 2021, 43(11): 110-127.

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材料	还原温度/℃	氧化温度/℃	反应物	H₂/CO产量/(μmol·g^-1)
La_0.7Sr_0.3Mn_0.7Cr_0.3O₃	1 350	1 000	H₂O	107
La_0.4Ca_0.6Mn_0.6Al_0.4O₃	1 400	1 000	H₂O	429
BaCe_0.25Mn_0.75O₃	1 350	1 000	H₂O	135
La_0.5Sr_0.5MnO₃	1 400	1 000	H₂O	195
La_0.35Sr_0.75MnO₃	1 400	1 050	H₂O	124
La_0.6Ca_0.4Mn_0.8Ga_0.2O₃	1 300	900	H₂O	401
La_0.6Sr_0.4CoO₃	1 300	900	H₂O	514
La_0.6Ca_0.4CoO₃	1 300	900	H₂O	587
CeO₂	2 000	550	H₂O	3 254
hercynite	1 500	1 350	H₂O	597
LaFe_0.75Co_0.25O₃	1 300	1 000	CO₂	117
LaCoO₃	1 300	1 000	CO₂	123
Ba_0.5Sr_0.5FeO₃	1 000	1 000	CO₂	136
La_0.6Sr_0.4Co_0.2Cr_0.8O₃	1 200	800	CO₂	157
La_0.5Ca_0.5MnO₃	1 400	1 050	CO₂	210
La_0.5Ba_0.5MnO₃	1 400	1 050	CO₂	185
La_0.5Sr_0.5Mn_0.4Al_0.6O₃	1 400	1 050	CO₂	279
La_0.5Sr_0.5Mn_0.83Mg_0.17O₃	1 400	1 050	CO₂	209
La_0.5Sr_0.5MnO₃	1 400	1 050	CO₂	256
Y_0.5Sr_0.5MnO₃	1 400	1 050	CO₂	101
La_0.6Sr_0.4Mn_0.6Al_0.4O₃	1 400	1 000	CO₂	307
La_0.6Ca_0.4Mn_0.6Al_0.4O₃	1 240	850	CO₂	230
La_0.6Sr_0.4Mn_0.6Al_0.4O₃	1 240	850	CO₂	245
La_0.5Sr_0.5Mn_0.95Sc_0.05O₃	1 400	1 100	CO₂	545
La_0.6Sr_0.4Mn_0.8Fe_0.2O₃	1 350	1 000	CO₂	329
Y_0.5Ca_0.5MnO₃	1 400	1 100	CO₂	671
CeO₂	1 500	800	CO₂	348