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Review on solar thermal power generation technologies and their development ZHANG Jinping, ZHOU Qiang, WANG Dingmei, LI Jin, LIU Lijuan Integrated Intelligent Energy    2023, 45 (2): 44-52.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2023.02.006 Abstract （248）   HTML （9）    PDF （928KB）（1846）       Knowledge map    Save Under the "dual carbon" target， new energy ushers in a leapfrog development，which makes an higher requirement for power system flexibility. The regulation capacity of concentrating solar power （CSP）plants can rival that of conventional thermal units. CSP plants can participate in peak load and frequency regulations timely and deeply， which improves the flexibility of the power system. Thus，CSP is a promising renewable energy generation technology. Based on the introduction on the operation principle and structure of a CSP plant， the advantages，disadvantages and research progress of various CSP technologies are analyzed. The problems and development direction of CSP technology are discussed based on the status quo and demand of CSP. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the status quo and development trend of grid-forming converter technology YU Guo, WU Jun, XIA Re, CHEN Yihui, GUO Zihui, HUANG Wenxin Integrated Intelligent Energy    2022, 44 (9): 65-70.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2022.09.009 Abstract （437）   HTML （9）    PDF （1104KB）（1410）       Knowledge map    Save Due to the numerous electric and electrical devices and high-penetration new energy in a power system,the system's inertia tends to decrease and its strength and stability are hampered. In order to improve the stability of the system,a grid-forming converter technology which gives play to the flexibility and controllability of converters,compensates for the missing inherent inertia damping and provides reliable voltage and frequency support for the system is proposed.Based on the comparison between grid-forming control and gird-following control technologies,different network construction control strategies are analyzed. Then, the grid-forming high-pressure energy storage technology is introduced.The bottlenecks,challenges and feasible solutions of the technology are pointed out.The research results show that since the grid construction control technology can effectively improve the inertia damping,and provide the voltage and frequency support for the power system,it is promising in new power systems with high proportion of new energy and a large quantity of electronic equipment. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Energy storage technologies and their applications and development XUE Fu, MA Xiaoming, YOU Yanjun Integrated Intelligent Energy    2023, 45 (9): 48-58.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2023.09.007 Abstract （356）   HTML （17）    PDF （929KB）（818）       Knowledge map    Save Energy storage is a key supportive technology for the energy revolution. In the context of carbon neutrality， the fast-growing energy storage technology is playing an increasingly important role in energy industry. Existing energy storage technologies and their development statuses are expounded， focusing on their characteristics and differences. And the application scenarios and economy of these technologies are comprehensively compared. The key to battery researches is introducing new energy storage materials to solve its non-traditional electrochemical problems. Thermochemical energy storage is suitable for long-term storage due to its low energy consumption in reversible reactions， but attention should be paid to its cyclic dynamic characteristics， modeling and cost control. Pumped energy storage and compressed air storage technology are mature technologies， which are of high storage capacity and suitable for large-scale energy storage projects. However， the two technologies are limited by siting constraints， high cost of infrastructure construction and difference in operation and maintenance costs. Flywheel energy storage technology is suitable for the scenarios in need of frequent start-up and short energy release time， but how to the reduce energy loss in conversion is the challenge. Applications of hydrogen energy is restricted by difficulties in storage and transportation and its low energy conversion efficiency. The study can provide reference for relevant researches and policy formulation. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application and comparison of SCR, SNCR and SNCR/SCR flue gas denitration technology WANG Jihua Huadian Technology    2018, 40 (6): 68-70.   Abstract （182）      PDF （789KB）（1474）       Knowledge map    Save The principle, layout, performance index and the engineering application of selective catalytic reduction (SCR), selective non catalytic reduction (SNCR) and SNCRSCR hybrid denitrification for coalfired power plant have been briefly presented. Comparing the three kinds of denitration technology comprehensively, three kinds of control system configuration schemes of denitrification are provided, which can provide reference for the choice of denitrification scheme and control mode. Related Articles | Metrics

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Review on water electrolysis for hydrogen production powered by fluctuating wind power and PV Leijiao GE, Qingxue CUI, Mingwei LI, Fang YAO, Xiaona YANG, Tianshuo DU Integrated Intelligent Energy    2022, 44 (5): 1-14.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2022.05.001 Abstract （400）   HTML （10）    PDF （1559KB）（1033）       Knowledge map    Save Water electrolysis for hydrogen production powered by green energy such as PV and wind power is an important technical rout to realize the national energy strategy of carbon neutrality and carbon peaking. Nevertheless,the volatility of wind power and PV seriously affects the dynamic adaptability and operational reliability of the hydrogen production system based on water electrolysis. By expounding the characteristics of the hydrogen production technology powered by wind-PV complementary systems,and analyzing the mechanism and economy of this technology,an efficient and reliable technical rout of water electrolysis for hydrogen production powered by fluctuating wind power and PV is conceived,to extricate from the predicament in water electrolysis for hydrogen production. There are three key steps in the realization path, system configuration optimization, stable operation and service life extension. Targeting at the system service life management, the safe, reliable and economic operation of the water electrolysis system for hydrogen production powered by PV and wind power lays a favorable foundation for the development of wind-PV-hydrogen industry chain. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research and progress in the technique of heavy metal ions removal from waste water LIU Yangzhi1，LIU Peng2 Huadian Technology    2019, 41 (12): 31-36.   Abstract （408）      PDF （1029KB）（1405）       Knowledge map    Save With the rapid development of industrial technology, various pollutants are discharged into the environment. Among them, heavy metals can hardly be degraded due to their richness, which causes great harm to the environment and human body. The relevant domestic and international research methods for removing heavy metal ions from waste water  are described, and the corresponding classical theoretical results  based on various removal methods are proposed. By describing the advantages and disadvantages of various methods, a new type of water treatment adsorption material with great development prospects is introduced, and its related progress in  heavy metal ion removal is summarized. Related Articles | Metrics

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Optimal configuration for energy storage system capacity of wind-solar-storage microgrid ZHOU Chengwei, LI Peng, YU Bin, YU Tianyang, MENG Wei Integrated Intelligent Energy    2022, 44 (12): 56-61.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2022.12.008 Abstract （241）   HTML （10）    PDF （985KB）（521）       Knowledge map    Save Due to the intermittent and fluctuating characteristics of distributed energies such as solar energy and wind energy， energy storage technology is taken to effectively reduce their output fluctuations and improve their controllability. Based on the analysis on the characteristics of a wind-solar-storage microgrid's output， an optimal capacity allocation model taking the minimum total investment cost， lowest annual load power shortage rate and optimal wind and solar energy abandonment rate of the microgrid system as the optimization objectives is established. The model's optimal capacity allocation schemes under different constraints and operation strategies are obtained by non-dominated sequencing genetic algorithm （NSGA）. The results show that the wind-solar-storage microgrid system optimized by the optimal energy storage capacity allocation scheme and NSGA is of a lower total investment cost， and higher power-supply reliability and energy utilization rate. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Improvement of deep peak regulation and comprehensive peak shaving technologies for coal-fired units TONG Jialin, WU Ruikang, MAO Jianbo, LYU Hongkun Integrated Intelligent Energy    2022, 44 (4): 43-50.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2022.04.006 Abstract （112）   HTML （2）    PDF （1177KB）（682）       Knowledge map    Save With the development of the new-energy-oriented power system to pursue carbon peaking and carbon neutrality,low-load operation and participation in deep load regulation has become the ordinary state for coal-fired units.Though there is no constraint on the stable operation of the units running at 40%ECR,the constraints for those units at 30%ECR or a lower load should not be ignored.Many technical approaches and transformation are taken to alleviate the intrinsic constraints of the units,and new peak shaving technologies such as those integrated multi-form energy storage,CCUS and multi-energy coupling regulation are proposed.The results show that efficient technical approaches and transformation can improve the peak load regulating performance of units,and raise the dry-wet state transition point of an ultra-super critical boiler by over 6% rated load.Since it is hard to meet the demand of further peak shaving by exploring the potential in a coal-fired unit,comprehensive peak shaving technologies is feasible and crucial in further peak shaving regulation. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Design and dynamic performance analysis on a molten salt heat exchanger for energy storage and heating CHEN Ruizhe, XIONG Yaxuan, ZHANG Hui, LENG Guanghui, WANG Huihui Huadian Technology    2020, 42 (12): 54-59.   Abstract （252）      PDF （611KB）（1101）       Knowledge map    Save High-temperature molten salt heat storage is an effective solution for energy issues. Structure and design parameters of a molten salt-water heat exchanger play decisive roles in its performance. Software HTRI was taken in detailed design and selection on the molten salt-water heat exchanger with megawatt capacity. Manufacturing dimensions and rated performance parameters of the molten salt-water heat exchanger were achieved after data correction. Based on its design parameters, the exchanger's dynamic load, molten salt temperature at inlet and outlet, effective average temperature difference, steam temperature at outlet, design margin of heating area and heat transfer coefficient were simulated and calculated by controlling its water flow and molten salt flow. The calculation results show that the designed molten salt-water heat exchanger can complete 1 MW heat exchange，and its dynamic heat exchange performance is in line with the manufacturing dimensions of tube and shell heat exchangers. The reasonable design for the molten salt heat exchanger provides reliable reference for further research. Related Articles | Metrics

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Summery of domestic and overseas research on gas turbine combustion adjustment XU Tingting, DING Yang, ZHANG Mengke, LIU Zhimin Huadian Technology    2018, 40 (12): 8-12.   Abstract （146）      PDF （1374KB）（1392）       Knowledge map    Save It introduces the mechanism and method of combustion adjustment, and compares the research objective and maturity of combustion adjustment technology at home and abroad. The domestic research is shallow and focuses on the consolidation and excavation of the combustion adjustment process. The overseas research focuses more on gas turbine services, which is more advanced than domestic research both in implementation scale and  technology level. Therefore, gas turbine enterprises are encouraged to carry out research projects on combustion adjustment technology to promote the development of localization of gas turbines. Related Articles | Metrics

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Prediction on the regional carbon emission factor for power generation based on multi-dimensional data and deep learning LI Fangyi, LI Nan, ZHOU Yan, XIE Wu Integrated Intelligent Energy    2023, 45 (8): 11-17.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2023.08.002 Abstract （94）   HTML （6）    PDF （1277KB）（394）       Knowledge map    Save With the support of carbon trading policy， the real-time， accurate and comprehensive measurement on power enterprises' carbon emissions is the basis for structure adjustment， technological innovation， supply and demand side interaction and carbon trading of power generation industry. The calculation and prediction on dynamic carbon emission factors is still limited by the data collection and transmission system. By taking deep learning， a prediction model， called GRU-Attention model， was built by combining dual attention mechanism with traditional Gate Recurrent Unit （GRU） neural network. Then， a GRU model， a Long Short-Term Memory （LSTM） model， a LSTM model based on dual attention mechanism（LSTM-Attention） and a GRU-Attention model were constructed and trained by the power data of Hefei in 2022 and average meteorological data of Hefei， to achieve hourly prediction on carbon emission factor. Comparing the prediction results made by the four models above， it is found that the prediction made by the GRU-Attention model is more accurate than that of the other three models， which can advance the mid- and long-term prediction on carbon emission factor. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Classification and characteristic analysis of adjustable resources on the user side ZHENG Qingrong, LU Yingjie, XIANG Jiani, CHEN Yuyang, GONG Feixiang, YUAN Jindou, WU Yingjun Integrated Intelligent Energy    2022, 44 (11): 50-55.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2022.11.007 Abstract （203）   HTML （6）    PDF （933KB）（535）       Knowledge map    Save Since the rapid growth of load has posed a huge challenge to the stability of the power system， supply-side regulation and control capabilities of traditional methods have gradually been weakened. Therefore， demand response， as an important means to alleviate the imbalance between supply and demand during power peak periods， has received increasing attention. Demand response can improve the stability of the grid by scheduling the adjustable loads on demand sides and reducing partial load capacity in peak load periods. Therefore， it is of great significance to study adjustable resources on load sides. Based on the existing researches on user-side load classification， a classification method for user-side resources according to their energy supply and consumption attributes is proposed. By analyzing the typical loads of different energy supply and consumption attributes and their characteristics， a resource library of loads with different attributes has been established， which lays a foundation for in-depth research on demand response. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Control and utilization of coal mine gas to achieve carbon peaking and carbon neutrality HU Xiaolan, SONG Wei, PENG Chuansheng, LI Bo, JIANG Lihong, XIAO Zhaohui, HONG Keyan Huadian Technology    2021, 43 (12): 52-59.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-1951.2021.12.008 Abstract （227）   HTML （7）    PDF （959KB）（541）       Knowledge map    Save In view of the threats to the personal safety, increasing in coal-mining cost and harm to our environment caused by coal mine gas,redesigning the controlling and utilization measurements for coal mine gas on the path to realize carbon peaking and carbon neutrality can boost the production safely and efficiently and advance the transformation of coal industry.Base on literature research and cases study,the current measurements were found to include pre-drainage in planning areas,mechanical ventilation and gas drainage for the working face in production areas and mechanical extraction in the goaf.There are no general standard for the evaluation of the control effects or a unified development plan for coal mine gas.Coal mining enterprises lack the motivation for low-carbon control of coal mine gas,since their understanding on the comprehensive benefits brought by enhancing coal mine gas controlling is insufficient and their treatment technologies are underdeveloped.This situation is inconsistent with the requirements of the national strategic goals of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality.It is suggested that the coal mining enterprises should deploy a coal mine gas control and utilization strategy which conforms to the goals of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality,construct a digital information platform for coal mine gas control and utilization,implement technological innovation and talent introduction strategies, and design the purification and utilization process for the extracted methane in advanced,so as to formulate a new methane control mode including carbon emission reduction from the source,process control,divisional implement,terminal control and market development. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application and development of CO2 transcritical cycle heat pumps LI Minxia, HOU Beiran, WANG Pai, DONG Liwei, TIAN Hua Integrated Intelligent Energy    2023, 45 (4): 12-18.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2023.04.002 Abstract （200）   HTML （11）    PDF （1546KB）（483）       Knowledge map    Save Under the background of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality，the application of heat pumps with natural working medium CO2 as refrigerant is more in line with the new requirements of green development and environmental protection.Comparing the status of overseas and domestic researches on CO2 heat pumps in different scenarios，it is found out that CO2 emissions from a CO2 heat pump water heater is 40% lower than that from a traditional electric water heater.The most prominent advantage of a CO2 heat pumps is the significant temperature rise which leads to high working efficiency.In low outdoor temperatures，CO2 heat pumps can satisfy the hot water demands of users along railways and in rural areas of northern China with high annual energy efficiency ratios. CO2 on-board air conditioners have been developed and basically into mass production.Compared with a traditional electric dryer，a CO2 heat pump dryer can save energy by 55% at most.CO2 heat pump technology will be a hot spot in the future research on environmental protection and low-carbon technologies， and will play a key role in China's "dual carbon" target. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Smart heat-supply roadmap based on digital twin ZHONG Wei, ZHENG Lijun, YU Zitao, LIN Xiaojie Huadian Technology    2020, 42 (11): 1-5.   Abstract （482）      PDF （623KB）（927）       Knowledge map    Save With the economic development and the advancement of energy reform in China，the composition of centralized heating source，heating network scale and heat consumption at user's end encounter a major change.Employment of clean sources and consumption of renewable heating sources are the major trends and challenges to the existing operation control method taken by traditional heat-supply systems. A smart heat-supply technology path was proposed based on digital twin and engineering concept to promote the development of intelligent heat-supply system. Compared with the conventional roadmap，the center of the smart heat-supply system is a framework made up of a physical device layer，a sensing and control layer，a transport layer，and an intelligent decision-making layer. The physical device layer including heating sources，network，load and storage equipment，provides physical basis required by smart heating. The sensing and control layer realizes the comprehensive perception on the entire system，providing data required by the intelligent decision-making layer and carrying out the decision sent downwards. The transport layer connects the physical equipment uploading real-time data and the decision-making layer giving orders. The intelligent decision-making layer can realize fault detection and diagnosis，data-based prediction，optimized dispatching and energy efficiency analysis，based on the digital twin model of the system. A case study made on a smart heating site shows that this roadmap could reduce the energy consumption in the entire system with such a framework. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application and research progress of molten salt heat storage technology ZHANG Zhongping, LIU Heng, XIE Yurong, ZHAO Dazhou, MOU Min, CHEN Qiao Integrated Intelligent Energy    2023, 45 (9): 40-47.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2023.09.006 Abstract （361）   HTML （19）    PDF （2330KB）（471）       Knowledge map    Save Molten salt heat storage is a key technology for constructing future neo power systems.Since molten salt，an ideal heat storage medium，is of low viscosity，low steam pressure，high stability，high heat storage density，molten salt heat storage technology can be widely used in solar thermal power generation， thermal power peak and frequency regulation，heating，and waste heat recovery and utilization.However，current researches about this technology mainly focus on its employment in solar photothermal power generation，while its applications in other scenarios are insufficient in study.Under different application scenarios，the working temperature range，heating mode，selection of key components and design of working flow of a molten salt heat storage system are different.The advantages，characteristics and key technologies of molten salt heat storage technology are expounded，the research progress and the latest demonstration projects under different scenarios are listed，and the key problems subjected to further research are analyzed.Finally，future development trend and target of this technology are proposed. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Calculation of ice thickness of overhead transmission lines LI Guiming Huadian Technology    2018, 40 (1): 10-12.   Abstract （336）      PDF （779KB）（1624）       Knowledge map    Save Through establishing icing thickness mechanical models for overhead transmission lines, the formula for calculating the ice thickness of lines and wire sag is derived. Using the formula, thickness of the ice coating of ±800kV Fufeng line in Hunan region was calculated. Comparing the calculating results with field test results, the calculation error was 9.02%. The model can be used to predict the thickness of wire ice coating in advance, and provides a preliminary warning for icing protection. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research and prospect of advanced distribution management system for the digital and intelligent transformation of distribution network XIA Xue, ZHANG Ruixi, WANG Lei, DING Ran, ZHAN Yan Integrated Intelligent Energy    2022, 44 (12): 33-39.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2022.12.005 Abstract （87）   HTML （1）    PDF （1218KB）（258）       Knowledge map    Save Confronting current energy reform and power system development，there has been substantial changes in the operation and planning of distribution networks.To cope with the challenges of digital and intelligent transformation of distribution networks，cutting-edge information and communication technology，diversified control structure and advanced application algorithm are integrated into advanced distribution management system.After the introduction on the core functions，key technologies and expected benefits of the advanced distribution management system，a multi-stage evolution route for the advanced distribution management system platform construction and development is proposed based on its technical concept and practical application.The route provides a useful reference for the construction of future distribution system with high-penetration renewable energy sources，high integration with the physical information network and interaction between power sources，grids，loads and energy storages. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Advance in study on CCHP distributed energy system SUN Siyu1，YU Chengqi2，SUN Tao3，LI Xinjian3，WEI Yi4，TAN Jingbo2，ZHANG Juntao2 Huadian Technology    2019, 41 (11): 26-31.   Abstract （182）      PDF （972KB）（1098）       Knowledge map    Save Combined cooling, heating and power (CCHP) system is an important branch of distributed energy system. It gains much attention for the significant advantages in energy utilization and environmental protection. CCHP is in starting stage,so the economic benefits, environmental benefits, and operation optimization are important for the promotion and application of the system. The main research objects of CCHP system in recent years are classified and discussed, and the research achievements in economic analysis, renewable energy, system optimization made by domestic and foreign scholars are presented in detail.The current status of the study is clarified, and the existing problems in this field are pointed out, which provides reference for research directions in future. Related Articles | Metrics

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Progresses and applications of solar air conditioning and heat pump technologies CHEN Erjian, JIA Teng, YAO Jian, DAI Yanjun Huadian Technology    2021, 43 (11): 40-48.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-1951.2021.11.005 Abstract （233）   HTML （1）    PDF （2456KB）（423）       Knowledge map    Save The increasing energy consumption by buildings runs counter to the goal of carbon neutrality and carbon peaking.Consequently,it is imperative to reduce building energy consumption through new energy-saving technologies.Solar air conditioning and heat pump technologies integrating solar power and energy supply for buildings provide a potential development path to large-scale application of solar energy.They can be subdivided into heating and cooling technologies driven by solar energy or photovoltaic power.The main technical routs of solar air conditioning and heat pump technologies are enumerated,including thermally driven absorption cooling /heating pumps,adsorption cooling,desiccant air conditioning,air conditioners driven by electricity and PV power,direct expansion heat pumps and photovoltaic/thermal （PVT） heat pumps.The progresses of the related technologies are also briefly introduced.The solar air conditioning and heat pump technologies have made progress in improving energy efficiency,broadening the driven temperature range and enhancing environmental adaptability.Considering the energy demand of buildings,the technologies can advance the energy supply diversity and promote the green transformation of building energy. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics