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Review on solar thermal power generation technologies and their development ZHANG Jinping, ZHOU Qiang, WANG Dingmei, LI Jin, LIU Lijuan Integrated Intelligent Energy    2023, 45 (2): 44-52.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2023.02.006 Abstract （248）   HTML （9）    PDF （928KB）（1848）       Knowledge map    Save Under the "dual carbon" target， new energy ushers in a leapfrog development，which makes an higher requirement for power system flexibility. The regulation capacity of concentrating solar power （CSP）plants can rival that of conventional thermal units. CSP plants can participate in peak load and frequency regulations timely and deeply， which improves the flexibility of the power system. Thus，CSP is a promising renewable energy generation technology. Based on the introduction on the operation principle and structure of a CSP plant， the advantages，disadvantages and research progress of various CSP technologies are analyzed. The problems and development direction of CSP technology are discussed based on the status quo and demand of CSP. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the status quo and development trend of grid-forming converter technology YU Guo, WU Jun, XIA Re, CHEN Yihui, GUO Zihui, HUANG Wenxin Integrated Intelligent Energy    2022, 44 (9): 65-70.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2022.09.009 Abstract （437）   HTML （9）    PDF （1104KB）（1410）       Knowledge map    Save Due to the numerous electric and electrical devices and high-penetration new energy in a power system,the system's inertia tends to decrease and its strength and stability are hampered. In order to improve the stability of the system,a grid-forming converter technology which gives play to the flexibility and controllability of converters,compensates for the missing inherent inertia damping and provides reliable voltage and frequency support for the system is proposed.Based on the comparison between grid-forming control and gird-following control technologies,different network construction control strategies are analyzed. Then, the grid-forming high-pressure energy storage technology is introduced.The bottlenecks,challenges and feasible solutions of the technology are pointed out.The research results show that since the grid construction control technology can effectively improve the inertia damping,and provide the voltage and frequency support for the power system,it is promising in new power systems with high proportion of new energy and a large quantity of electronic equipment. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Review on water electrolysis for hydrogen production powered by fluctuating wind power and PV Leijiao GE, Qingxue CUI, Mingwei LI, Fang YAO, Xiaona YANG, Tianshuo DU Integrated Intelligent Energy    2022, 44 (5): 1-14.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2022.05.001 Abstract （400）   HTML （10）    PDF （1559KB）（1033）       Knowledge map    Save Water electrolysis for hydrogen production powered by green energy such as PV and wind power is an important technical rout to realize the national energy strategy of carbon neutrality and carbon peaking. Nevertheless,the volatility of wind power and PV seriously affects the dynamic adaptability and operational reliability of the hydrogen production system based on water electrolysis. By expounding the characteristics of the hydrogen production technology powered by wind-PV complementary systems,and analyzing the mechanism and economy of this technology,an efficient and reliable technical rout of water electrolysis for hydrogen production powered by fluctuating wind power and PV is conceived,to extricate from the predicament in water electrolysis for hydrogen production. There are three key steps in the realization path, system configuration optimization, stable operation and service life extension. Targeting at the system service life management, the safe, reliable and economic operation of the water electrolysis system for hydrogen production powered by PV and wind power lays a favorable foundation for the development of wind-PV-hydrogen industry chain. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Energy storage technologies and their applications and development XUE Fu, MA Xiaoming, YOU Yanjun Integrated Intelligent Energy    2023, 45 (9): 48-58.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2023.09.007 Abstract （356）   HTML （17）    PDF （929KB）（818）       Knowledge map    Save Energy storage is a key supportive technology for the energy revolution. In the context of carbon neutrality， the fast-growing energy storage technology is playing an increasingly important role in energy industry. Existing energy storage technologies and their development statuses are expounded， focusing on their characteristics and differences. And the application scenarios and economy of these technologies are comprehensively compared. The key to battery researches is introducing new energy storage materials to solve its non-traditional electrochemical problems. Thermochemical energy storage is suitable for long-term storage due to its low energy consumption in reversible reactions， but attention should be paid to its cyclic dynamic characteristics， modeling and cost control. Pumped energy storage and compressed air storage technology are mature technologies， which are of high storage capacity and suitable for large-scale energy storage projects. However， the two technologies are limited by siting constraints， high cost of infrastructure construction and difference in operation and maintenance costs. Flywheel energy storage technology is suitable for the scenarios in need of frequent start-up and short energy release time， but how to the reduce energy loss in conversion is the challenge. Applications of hydrogen energy is restricted by difficulties in storage and transportation and its low energy conversion efficiency. The study can provide reference for relevant researches and policy formulation. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on carbon sequestration path of steel slag carbonation under carbon neutralization background ZHANG Shufan, CHENG Xingxing, WANG Luyuan, ZHANG Xingyu, WANG Zhiqiang Huadian Technology    2021, 43 (6): 86-91.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-1951.2021.06.011 Abstract （386）   HTML （10）    PDF （902KB）（1035）       Knowledge map    Save CO2 capture after combustion is one of the important ways of carbon capture.Carbon sequestration can be achieved by carbonation reaction between alkali metal oxides （CaO-based） in steel slag and CO2.This paper reviews three main methods for carbon sequestration,direct carbon fixation with cold steel slag,indirect carbon fixation with cold steel slag and direct carbon fixation with hot steel slag.After summarizing the methods and pointing out the existing problems,the advantages and disadvantages of the three methods were compared.It is pointed out that the direct carbon fixation with hot steel slag is the most suitable carbon fixation technology with steel slag under the background of carbon peak and carbon neutralization.By realizing carbon sequestration and steel slag waste heat recycling simultaneously,it is one of the most promising carbon fixation technologies. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Design and dynamic performance analysis on a molten salt heat exchanger for energy storage and heating CHEN Ruizhe, XIONG Yaxuan, ZHANG Hui, LENG Guanghui, WANG Huihui Huadian Technology    2020, 42 (12): 54-59.   Abstract （252）      PDF （611KB）（1101）       Knowledge map    Save High-temperature molten salt heat storage is an effective solution for energy issues. Structure and design parameters of a molten salt-water heat exchanger play decisive roles in its performance. Software HTRI was taken in detailed design and selection on the molten salt-water heat exchanger with megawatt capacity. Manufacturing dimensions and rated performance parameters of the molten salt-water heat exchanger were achieved after data correction. Based on its design parameters, the exchanger's dynamic load, molten salt temperature at inlet and outlet, effective average temperature difference, steam temperature at outlet, design margin of heating area and heat transfer coefficient were simulated and calculated by controlling its water flow and molten salt flow. The calculation results show that the designed molten salt-water heat exchanger can complete 1 MW heat exchange，and its dynamic heat exchange performance is in line with the manufacturing dimensions of tube and shell heat exchangers. The reasonable design for the molten salt heat exchanger provides reliable reference for further research. Related Articles | Metrics

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Improvement of deep peak regulation and comprehensive peak shaving technologies for coal-fired units TONG Jialin, WU Ruikang, MAO Jianbo, LYU Hongkun Integrated Intelligent Energy    2022, 44 (4): 43-50.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2022.04.006 Abstract （112）   HTML （2）    PDF （1177KB）（682）       Knowledge map    Save With the development of the new-energy-oriented power system to pursue carbon peaking and carbon neutrality,low-load operation and participation in deep load regulation has become the ordinary state for coal-fired units.Though there is no constraint on the stable operation of the units running at 40%ECR,the constraints for those units at 30%ECR or a lower load should not be ignored.Many technical approaches and transformation are taken to alleviate the intrinsic constraints of the units,and new peak shaving technologies such as those integrated multi-form energy storage,CCUS and multi-energy coupling regulation are proposed.The results show that efficient technical approaches and transformation can improve the peak load regulating performance of units,and raise the dry-wet state transition point of an ultra-super critical boiler by over 6% rated load.Since it is hard to meet the demand of further peak shaving by exploring the potential in a coal-fired unit,comprehensive peak shaving technologies is feasible and crucial in further peak shaving regulation. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Feasibility analysis on methane production by CO2 hydrogenation in China CHEN Yong, SU Junhua, WANG Yang Integrated Intelligent Energy    2022, 44 (6): 86-90.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2022.06.010 Abstract （231）   HTML （29）    PDF （985KB）（575）       Knowledge map    Save The vigorous implementation of CO2 emission reduction and renewable energy draws forth the market of methane production by CO2 hydrogenation.The technical route of CO2 hydrogenation to CH4 was described from hydrogen sources,CO2 sources,methanation reaction catalysts and reactors,and the application prospect and economy of this technology were analyzed.Storage and transit of renewable energy is an important pillar of integrated energy systems,capturing CO2 by abandoned PV and wind power can facilitate the realization of carbon neutrality.The generated CH4 is a supplement of natural gas in pipelines nearby,which greatly saves the cost of energy storage and transportation and improves energy utilization efficiency.If there is a raise in CO2 trading price and a drop in price of renewable energy,methane production by CO2 hydrogenation will embrace a promising future in China. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Classification and characteristic analysis of adjustable resources on the user side ZHENG Qingrong, LU Yingjie, XIANG Jiani, CHEN Yuyang, GONG Feixiang, YUAN Jindou, WU Yingjun Integrated Intelligent Energy    2022, 44 (11): 50-55.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2022.11.007 Abstract （203）   HTML （6）    PDF （933KB）（535）       Knowledge map    Save Since the rapid growth of load has posed a huge challenge to the stability of the power system， supply-side regulation and control capabilities of traditional methods have gradually been weakened. Therefore， demand response， as an important means to alleviate the imbalance between supply and demand during power peak periods， has received increasing attention. Demand response can improve the stability of the grid by scheduling the adjustable loads on demand sides and reducing partial load capacity in peak load periods. Therefore， it is of great significance to study adjustable resources on load sides. Based on the existing researches on user-side load classification， a classification method for user-side resources according to their energy supply and consumption attributes is proposed. By analyzing the typical loads of different energy supply and consumption attributes and their characteristics， a resource library of loads with different attributes has been established， which lays a foundation for in-depth research on demand response. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Optimal configuration for energy storage system capacity of wind-solar-storage microgrid ZHOU Chengwei, LI Peng, YU Bin, YU Tianyang, MENG Wei Integrated Intelligent Energy    2022, 44 (12): 56-61.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2022.12.008 Abstract （241）   HTML （10）    PDF （985KB）（521）       Knowledge map    Save Due to the intermittent and fluctuating characteristics of distributed energies such as solar energy and wind energy， energy storage technology is taken to effectively reduce their output fluctuations and improve their controllability. Based on the analysis on the characteristics of a wind-solar-storage microgrid's output， an optimal capacity allocation model taking the minimum total investment cost， lowest annual load power shortage rate and optimal wind and solar energy abandonment rate of the microgrid system as the optimization objectives is established. The model's optimal capacity allocation schemes under different constraints and operation strategies are obtained by non-dominated sequencing genetic algorithm （NSGA）. The results show that the wind-solar-storage microgrid system optimized by the optimal energy storage capacity allocation scheme and NSGA is of a lower total investment cost， and higher power-supply reliability and energy utilization rate. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application and development of CO2 transcritical cycle heat pumps LI Minxia, HOU Beiran, WANG Pai, DONG Liwei, TIAN Hua Integrated Intelligent Energy    2023, 45 (4): 12-18.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2023.04.002 Abstract （200）   HTML （11）    PDF （1546KB）（483）       Knowledge map    Save Under the background of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality，the application of heat pumps with natural working medium CO2 as refrigerant is more in line with the new requirements of green development and environmental protection.Comparing the status of overseas and domestic researches on CO2 heat pumps in different scenarios，it is found out that CO2 emissions from a CO2 heat pump water heater is 40% lower than that from a traditional electric water heater.The most prominent advantage of a CO2 heat pumps is the significant temperature rise which leads to high working efficiency.In low outdoor temperatures，CO2 heat pumps can satisfy the hot water demands of users along railways and in rural areas of northern China with high annual energy efficiency ratios. CO2 on-board air conditioners have been developed and basically into mass production.Compared with a traditional electric dryer，a CO2 heat pump dryer can save energy by 55% at most.CO2 heat pump technology will be a hot spot in the future research on environmental protection and low-carbon technologies， and will play a key role in China's "dual carbon" target. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research and progress in the technique of heavy metal ions removal from waste water LIU Yangzhi1，LIU Peng2 Huadian Technology    2019, 41 (12): 31-36.   Abstract （408）      PDF （1029KB）（1405）       Knowledge map    Save With the rapid development of industrial technology, various pollutants are discharged into the environment. Among them, heavy metals can hardly be degraded due to their richness, which causes great harm to the environment and human body. The relevant domestic and international research methods for removing heavy metal ions from waste water  are described, and the corresponding classical theoretical results  based on various removal methods are proposed. By describing the advantages and disadvantages of various methods, a new type of water treatment adsorption material with great development prospects is introduced, and its related progress in  heavy metal ion removal is summarized. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application and research progress of molten salt heat storage technology ZHANG Zhongping, LIU Heng, XIE Yurong, ZHAO Dazhou, MOU Min, CHEN Qiao Integrated Intelligent Energy    2023, 45 (9): 40-47.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2023.09.006 Abstract （361）   HTML （19）    PDF （2330KB）（471）       Knowledge map    Save Molten salt heat storage is a key technology for constructing future neo power systems.Since molten salt，an ideal heat storage medium，is of low viscosity，low steam pressure，high stability，high heat storage density，molten salt heat storage technology can be widely used in solar thermal power generation， thermal power peak and frequency regulation，heating，and waste heat recovery and utilization.However，current researches about this technology mainly focus on its employment in solar photothermal power generation，while its applications in other scenarios are insufficient in study.Under different application scenarios，the working temperature range，heating mode，selection of key components and design of working flow of a molten salt heat storage system are different.The advantages，characteristics and key technologies of molten salt heat storage technology are expounded，the research progress and the latest demonstration projects under different scenarios are listed，and the key problems subjected to further research are analyzed.Finally，future development trend and target of this technology are proposed. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Advance in study on CCHP distributed energy system SUN Siyu1，YU Chengqi2，SUN Tao3，LI Xinjian3，WEI Yi4，TAN Jingbo2，ZHANG Juntao2 Huadian Technology    2019, 41 (11): 26-31.   Abstract （182）      PDF （972KB）（1098）       Knowledge map    Save Combined cooling, heating and power (CCHP) system is an important branch of distributed energy system. It gains much attention for the significant advantages in energy utilization and environmental protection. CCHP is in starting stage,so the economic benefits, environmental benefits, and operation optimization are important for the promotion and application of the system. The main research objects of CCHP system in recent years are classified and discussed, and the research achievements in economic analysis, renewable energy, system optimization made by domestic and foreign scholars are presented in detail.The current status of the study is clarified, and the existing problems in this field are pointed out, which provides reference for research directions in future. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of situational awareness technology in the safe and stable operation of new power systems LI Hua, LU Mingxuan, TONG Yongji, ZHONG Chongfei Integrated Intelligent Energy    2023, 45 (3): 24-33.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2023.03.004 Abstract （120）   HTML （12）    PDF （1065KB）（498）       Knowledge map    Save Under the "dual carbon" target， the new power system with high proportion of renewable energy is becoming more intelligent， and the applications of phase measurement units （PMU）， wide area metering systems （WAMS） and supervisory control and data acquisition （SCADA） technology get wider. Meanwhile， the safe and stable operation of new power systems is under great challenges. Situational awareness technology can make power system operation visible and controllable. The mapping and classification of situational awareness technology in power systems under the architecture of "perception-understanding-prediction" is introduced， and the new problems imposed to the safe and stable operation of new power systems are analysed. The research status and application of situational awareness technology in source-load prediction， safe and stable operation and real-time operation state analysis are summarized， which provides references for subsequent researches. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Summery of domestic and overseas research on gas turbine combustion adjustment XU Tingting, DING Yang, ZHANG Mengke, LIU Zhimin Huadian Technology    2018, 40 (12): 8-12.   Abstract （146）      PDF （1374KB）（1392）       Knowledge map    Save It introduces the mechanism and method of combustion adjustment, and compares the research objective and maturity of combustion adjustment technology at home and abroad. The domestic research is shallow and focuses on the consolidation and excavation of the combustion adjustment process. The overseas research focuses more on gas turbine services, which is more advanced than domestic research both in implementation scale and  technology level. Therefore, gas turbine enterprises are encouraged to carry out research projects on combustion adjustment technology to promote the development of localization of gas turbines. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress and prospect of compressed air energy storage technology WAN Mingzhong, WANG Yuanyuan, LI Jun, LU Yuanwei, ZHAO Tian, WU Yuting Integrated Intelligent Energy    2023, 45 (9): 26-31.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2023.09.004 Abstract （435）   HTML （14）    PDF （1004KB）（416）       Knowledge map    Save Energy storage is the key technology to achieve the initiative of "reaching carbon peak in 2030 and carbon neutrality in 2060".Since compressed air energy storage has the advantages of large energy storage capacity， high system efficiency， and long operating life，it is a technology suitable for promotion in large-scale electric energy storage projects， and also an important means of large-scale renewable energy consumption on grid side. The development process， working principles， research statuses and challenges of compressed air energy storage systems in different forms are comprehensively expounded， and the development trend of compressed air energy storage technology is analysed from the perspective of compressed heat storage， providing references for the design for the future systems. The research results show that with the development of high-temperature heat storage technologies， high temperature adiabatic compressed air energy storage technology has become a research hotspot in this field because of its extraordinary working efficiency. Taking the molten salt with low melting point as the heat storage medium of a compressed air energy storage system to store the heat from the high-temperature compressor， can reduce the storage temperature of compressed water and the initial investment cost of the compressed air energy storage system significantly. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Review on hydrogen production technology from offshore wind power to achieve carbon neutrality Chang YAN, Sheng HUANG, Yinpeng QU Integrated Intelligent Energy    2022, 44 (5): 30-40.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2022.05.003 Abstract （171）   HTML （5）    PDF （2119KB）（502）       Knowledge map    Save As China’s economy has shifted from a stage of high-speed growth to a phase of high-quality growth,the construction of a green,low-carbon and clean energy system with renewable energy as the mainstay has become an important strategy for China’s energy development.Using the green electricity from offshore wind farms to power hydrogen production is not only a new way for offshore wind power consumption, but also an important means to replace traditional energy by new energy and to achieve carbon neutrality in the future.At present,the hydrogen storage and grid-connection costs of offshore wind-to- hydrogen systems are fairly high.Thus,how to achieve the optimal equipment configuration and control of a system in grid-connected state or off-grid state is an urgent problem to be solved.Based on the reviews on the current research progress made in offshore wind power generation,hydrogen production and storage and offshore wind power-to-hydrogen systems at home and abroad,the prospect for the technologies above are made. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Overview on the characteristics,connotation and development status of virtual power plants in China ZHONG Yongjie, JI Ling, LI Jingxia, JIANG Yanjun, WU Shiwei, WANG Zidong Integrated Intelligent Energy    2022, 44 (6): 25-36.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2022.06.003 Abstract （393）   HTML （47）    PDF （3654KB）（649）       Knowledge map    Save To achieve the "30·60" goal,virtual power plants have been taken as an important measure to construct a new power system and complete energy transformation. It is also the development direction for the safe and efficient utilization of new energy. The connotation and overall characteristics of virtual power plants are introduced. And against the backdrop of the status quo in China, the main business segments of a virtual power plant and its political environment are expounded. Given the existing cases home and abroad, the supporting elements including controllable resources,key technologies and market mechanism for the rapid development of virtual power plants are summarized. Then, the problems in the promotion of virtual power plants in China are summarized based on the three development phases. Based on the understanding on the connotation and basic characteristics,it is believed that virtual power plants are promising in integrated application with digitalization,intelligentization,cloud sharing,artificial intelligence,big data,Internet of Things and other technologies. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Key technologies and construction practices of virtual power plants LIU Jian, LIU Yuxin, ZHUANG Hanyu Integrated Intelligent Energy    2023, 45 (6): 59-65.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2023.06.008 Abstract （218）   HTML （10）    PDF （1216KB）（402）       Knowledge map    Save In the context of pursuing dual carbon target and constructing a new power system with new energy as the main body， the virtual power plant has become an important component of smart grid and Energy Internet due to its flexibility and effectiveness in managing distributed energy resources. The virtual power plant integrates distributed energy resources （including adjustable load，interruptible load and energy storage）through controlling，metering，communication and optimization technologies，and realizes smooth interactions and optimized operation of source，network，load and storage，which is conducive to the rational and optimal allocation and utilization of resources. The structure，network topology，control strategy and key technologies of the virtual power plant accessed to the power dispatching system are introduced，and the problems in protection configuration，information communication and intelligent terminals are discussed.The improvement measures put forward provide a reference for similar projects. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics